1. Science AHSGE Standard VII
Objective 2- Waves and Energy

2. Transverse Waves Transfer of energy through space or matter
Transverse- Up and down movement perpendicular to direction
Ex: Light and water waves
Ex: Electromagnetic Spectrum

3. Compressional Waves
Compression (Longitudinal)- Circular movement parallel to direction
Ex: sound waves

4. Wave Characteristics:
1. Crest- Height of a wave
2. Trough- Bottom of a wave
3. Wave length- Distance from one crest or trough to another
4. Amplitude- Height of a wave from crest or trough to the medium
5. Frequency- Number of wavelengths passing a point in one second (Hertz); Shorter w.l. = higher frequency; Longer w.l. = higher freq.
**The higher the frequency, the more energy, the most damaging

5. Wave Frequency The higher the frequency, the shorter the wavelength
The higher the frequency, the stronger/more damaging the wave

6. Wave Characteristics

7. Reflection vs. Refraction
Reflection- the bouncing off of a wave from an object
Ex: Echos; sonographs; echolocation
Ex: Reflected light helps you see
Refraction- the bending of a wave as it passes through a substance
Ex: Straw looks bent in a glass of water
Ex: Prisms refract light to display rainbow

8. Reflection vs. Refraction

9. Sound Waves
Sound waves- compressional waves that can not travel through a vacuum (empty space); must have matter for vibration
Intensity- Volume of sound; determined by amplitude
Pitch- Highness or lowness of sound; determined by frequency
Sonic boom- Loud sound when object travels faster then the speed of sound; breaks the sound barrier
Sound waves move fastest through solids
Doppler Effect- Sounds increase as it moves towards you decreases as it moves away from you

11. Electromagnetic Spectrum
Transverse waves which can travel at the speed of light in a vacuum
Particles called photons

12. Light Waves Light waves- transverse
Intensity- Brightness of light
What you see is the result of light reflection
ROY G. BIV (Lowest to highest frequency)
Colors you see are reflected, while those you don’t are absorbed
Red- Lowest energy/frequency and longest wavelength
Violet- Highest energy/frequency and shortest wavelength

13. Light Uses
Solar Power- Using sunlight to heat water and generate electricity
Photoelectric Effect- Using light to trigger an electrical device
Ex: Calculators, photographic lights, automatic doors at stores
Polarized light- filtered light that minimizes glare; gets all light on same plane
Ex: Sunglasses and tinted windows

14. Seismic Waves Earthquakes- Seismic Waves 1. Primary waves- fastest
Travel through solids, liquids and gases
2. Shear/Secondary waves- second fastest
Travel through solids only
3. Long waves- Slowest waves
Travel only on surfaces

15. Seismic Waves