2. Immigration (1880 - Present)

3. Immigrant = a person who moves into a country. Emmigrant = a person who moves out of a country. Migration = permanent move to live in another place. 1881 - 1920 = 23.5 million “New Immigrants” Southern & Eastern Europe. Ellis and Angel Island. Chinese came to the West Coast during Gold Rush.

5. “ The New Colossus” by Emma Lazarus Not like the brazen giant of Greek fame, With conquering limbs astride from land to land; Here at our sea-washed, sunset gates shall stand A mighty woman with a torch, whose flame Is the imprisoned lightening, and her name Mother of exiles… “Keep, ancient lands, your storied pomp!” cries she With silent lips. “ Give me in your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free. The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door!” To what extent has America welcomed immigrants? Has America lived up to the ideals in the poem? How has our immigration policy been restrictive at times?

6. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) - prohibited Chinese laborers from entering the U.S. Literacy Test (1917) - required all immigrants to show they could read and write. Also excluded any Aliens who were unable to meet minimum mental, moral, physical, and economic standards. Emergency Quota Act (1921) - the number of aliens of any nationality admitted to the U.S. in a year could not exceed 3% of the number of foreign-born residents of that nationality living in the U.S. in 1910. Immigration Act (1924) - quotas were based on desirability of nationalities; Immigration Act (1965) - quotas based on nationality ended. Visas available first-come, first served basis.

8. Push vs. Pull Factors Push Factors Environmental problems and natural disasters. Social/Political unrest Economic problems Poverty/Famine Human rights violations(religious & political persecution) War Pull factors Work Reunite with family members Opportunity - education and the possibility of a better life Land

11. Positive & Negative Aspects of Immigration Positive Infusion of new ideas and different approaches to problems. Stronger bonds between countries. Increased exposure for all citizens to different cultures. Diligent work ethic. Negative Take away jobs from Americans(?) Cost of health and education benefits(?) Possible terrorist networks(?) Racial tensions(hate crimes)

12. Discussion Questions 1. Should immigration be limited? 2. How should limits be decided? 3. How many should be admitted? Should they be restricted by country? 4. What positive contributions have immigrants made? What negative impact has immigration had? Would your answers be different if you considered immigrants from 1890 and 2010 separately? 5. How should illegal immigration be controlled? What changes would you make, if any, in the current policy?