1. 15 16 INTERACTIONS

3. 17 18 INTERACTIONS

4. 11 12 INTERACTIONS

5. 13 14 INTERACTIONS

6. 19 20 INTERACTIONS

11. 21 INTERACTIONS

12. 23 INTERACTIONS

13. 24

14. INTERACTIONS

15. COMPETITION (Chapter 13)

16. 2 Blenny

17. 1 INTERFERENCE COMPETITION

18. 3

19. 1 2 COMPETITION: INTRASPECIFIC VERSUS INTERSPECIFIC

20. 9

21. TRENCHED UNTRENCHED 7 7 8

22. 5 6 TRENCHED UNTRENCHED

23. RESOURCE LIMITATION (EXPLOITIVE COMPETION) 9

24. 13 Intraspecific Competition: Consequences Leafhopper

25. Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006 Number of Leafhoppers (per cage)

26. Fig. 13.6 in Molles 2006

27. 10 Alfalfa 11 12 INTRASPECIFIC COMPETITION: CONSEQUENCES

28. Fig. 13-5 in Molles 2006

29. 19

30. INTERSPECIFIC COMPETITION

31. NICHE: All environmental factors that influence growth, survival, and reproduction of a species Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) 15

32. Nutrients Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (One Axis) Niche Breadth

33. Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Two Axes) Nutrients Oxygen Niche Breadth 1 Niche Breadth 2

34. Graphical Depiction of Giant Kelp Niche (Three Axes) Nutrients Temperature Oxygen

35. 15 Giant Kelp Niche: Other Environmental Factors? N – Dimensional Hypervolume: Hypothetical Space that Represents ALL N Environmental Factors that Influence Growth, Survival and Reproduction

36. Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the absence of interactions with other species FUNDAMENTAL NICHE

37. Giant Kelp (Macrocystis) Bull Kelp (Nereocystis) 16 15 Effect of Interactions with Other Species NICHE

38. NICHE OVERLAP Fundamental Niche of Giant Kelp, Bull Kelp in One Dimension

39. Resource Utilization

40. Range of environmental conditions in which a given species can live in the presence of interactions with other species REALIZED NICHE Resource Utilization

41. Fundamental and Realized Niche of Chthalamus

42. Two Species with Same or Very Similar Niche: Is Coexistence Possible? Resource Utilization

43. Competitive Exclusion Principle: Two Species with Identical Niches CAN NOT Coexist Indefinitely

44. 1 http://chemistry.csudh.edu/faculty/jim/cozumelaug06small/blenny3.jpg 2 http://jc-research.com/jim/diving-album/images/blenny-coral.jpg 3 http://curiousgeorgecottage.org/wp-content/images/seasm.jpg 4 http://www.picturepawfect.com/Sailing/P0003238.jpg 6 http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/lewisandclark/ images/ponderosa_pine_oregon_charlie_ott.jpg 5 http://www.nau.edu/~cline/speccoll/exhibits/fires/images/treecontrast3.jpg 7 http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS%http://www.treedictionary.com/DICT2003/IMAGES/ROOTS% 20DEEP%20TX%20PINE.jpg 8 http://www.ehow.com/images/ehows/steps/edgewwood_1L.jpg 9 http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/http://extension.oregonstate.edu/centraloregon/forestry/images/ Old-GrowthPonderosaPine.jpg

45. 10 http://www.kalyx.com/store/images/medicagosativa3.jpg 11 http://www.fotosearch.com/comp/PHT/PHT365/PAA365000001.jpg 12 http://www.kerrysgarden.us/img/2006/echinacea-seedlings.jpg 13 http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/http://www.microscope-microscope.org/gallery/Kenn/More3/ Leafhopper%20(new)2.jpg 14 http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_http://www.surialink.com/HANDBOOK/Genera/image_browns/macrocystis_ pics/Macrocystis_300.jpg 15 http://elementy.ru/images/news/kelp_macrocystis_pyrifera_300.jpg 16 http://www.westnurc.uaf.edu/anagisa/pics/nereo2.JPG 17 http://www.hsu.edu/content.aspx?id=5515 18 http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged%http://www.swcoloradowildflowers.com/Blue%20Purple%20Enlarged% 20Photos/2mesa.jpg

46. 19 http://www.shootingstarnativeseed.com/Matt%20Weeding.jpg