1. The 21 st Century Internet The Always-On World First Annual James E. Crouch Lecture San Diego State University San Diego, CA May 2, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

2. Abstract "After twenty years, the "S-curve" of building out the wired internet with hundreds of millions of PCs as its end points is flattening out, with corresponding lowering of the growth rates of the major suppliers of that global infrastructure. At the same time, several new "S-curves" are reaching their steep slope as ubiquitous computing begins to sweep the planet. First, the combination of wireless local area networks, the third generation of cellular phones, satellites, and the increasing use of the FCC unlicensed wireless band will cover the world with internet connectivity enabling both scientific research and emergency preparedness. This universal access to the Net will change our personal lives and enable a new generation of SensorNets to give us realtime feedback about our environment. Secondly, the resulting vast increase in internet data streams, augmented by the advent of mass market broadband to homes and businesses, will drive the backbone of the internet to an optical network of tremendous capacity. Finally, peer-to-peer computing and storage will increasingly provide a vast untapped capability to power this emergent planetary computer. I will describe how the newly formed Cal-(IT)2 Institute is organizing research in each of these areas, driven by real world challenges in earthquakes, global warming, pollution, and transportation congestion. We are building large scale "Laboratories for Living in the Future" into our community, several of which have SDSU performing a leadership role."

3. "The 21st Century Internet the 'Always-On' World" Crouch Lecture SDSU San Diego, CA May 2, 2002 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technologies Professor, Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering Jacobs School of Engineering, UCSD

4. Wireless Access--Anywhere, Anytime –Broadband Speeds –Cellular Connected with Wi-Fi Billions of New Wireless Internet End Points –Information Appliances –Sensors and Actuators –Embedded Processors Will Bring About a New Meaning to Dual-Use –Civilian –Scientific and Engineering Research –Commercial Business –Military –External Defense –Homeland Security The Always On Internet

5. California Has Initiated Four New Institutes for Science and Innovation UCSB UCLA California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research UCI UCSD California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society UCSC UCD UCM www.ucop.edu/california-institutes

6. Cal-(IT) 2 -- An Integrated Approach to Research on the Future of the Internet www.calit2.net 220 UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community SDSU is an Academic Partner

7. Two New Cal-(IT) 2 Buildings Approved by Legislature Last Week! Will Create New Laboratory Facilities –Clean Rooms for Nanotech and BioMEMS –Computer Arts Virtual Reality –Wireless and Optical Networking –Interdisciplinary Teams Bioengineering UC San Diego UC Irvine

8. The Internet Is Rapidly Becoming Mobile 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 1999200020012002200320042005 Mobile Internet Fixed Internet Subscribers (millions) Source: Ericsson

9. Wireless Internet is Moving Throughout The Physical World First US Taste of 3G Cellular Internet –UCSD Jacobs School Antenna –First Beta Test Site Linking to 802.11 Mobile Bubble –Tested on CyberShuttle –Joint Project with Campus –From Railway to Campus at 65 mph! Rooftop Qualcomm 1xEV Access Point www.calit2.net/news/2002/4-2-bbus.html

10. Experimenting with the Future -- Wireless Internet Video Cams & Robots Computer Vision and Robotics Research Lab Mohan Trivedi, UCSD, Cal-(IT) 2 Mobile Interactivity Avatar Linked by 1xEV Cellular Internet Useful for Highway Accidents or Disasters

11. Using Students to Invent the Future The Teacher-Scholar Model of Discovery Year- Long Living Laboratory Experiment 2001-02 –Computer Science & Engineering Undergraduates –500+ Wireless-Enabled HP Pocket PCs at UC San Diego –50 Compaq Pocket PCs at UC Irvine Currently Using Wi-Fi (802.11) Wireless Internet Experiments with Geo-location and Interactive Maps Cal-(IT) 2 Team: Bill Griswold, Gabriele Wienhausen, UCSD; Rajesh Gupta, UCI UC San Diego UC Irvine

12. ActiveCampus – Outdoor Map Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

13. ActiveClass: Asking a Question 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit 1. Click in box 2. Type question 3. Click Submit Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

14. ActiveClass: Asking a Question Also Polls and Class Ratings Question is posted Others can vote on it Question is posted Others can vote on it Used in CSE 12, Our 2 nd Programming Course 200 Students in Two Sections Continuing This Term Source: Bill Griswold, UCSD

15. How Will You Know if The Kids Are on the Internet? It connects to the audio piece and works like a tiny monitor that projects an image through the really cool bug-eye monocle into my eye. It has lots of serious applications, but my favorite is to watch Buffy. My mom has already realized that when the video is on, the lenses become less transparent. That way she knows if Im really paying attention to her or reading my email. Shes caught on quickly. http://wearables.www.media.mit.edu/ projects/wearables/mit-ideo/

16. Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth? Add Wireless Sensor Array Build GIS Data Focus on: –Pollution –Water Cycle –Earthquakes –Bridges –Traffic –Policy Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth Huntington Beach Mission Bay San Diego Bay UCSD UCI High Tech Coast

17. Using the FCC Unlicensed Band to Create a High Speed Wireless Backbone The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network An SDSU & Cal-(IT) 2 Academic Partner Enabling a Broad Set of Science Applications and Crisis Management Allows for SensorNet Deployment to Remote Locations http://hpwren.ucsd.edu/topo.html NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone

18. The SDSU Field Station Program Provides Critical Living Laboratories Global Warming Impact Land & Resource Management Habitat Fragmentation Water Quality and Quantity Biodiversity Loss Disruption of Fire Regimes Invasion of Exotic Species

19. Using the SDSU Santa Margarita Field Station as a Rapid Prototyping SensorNet Testbed

20. ROADnetBringing SensorNets to the Dirt Roads and the High Seas High Bandwidth Wireless Internet –Linking Sensors for: –Seismology –Oceanography –Climate –Hydrology –Ecology –Geodesy –Real-Time Data Management Joint Collaboration Between: –SIO / IGPP –UCSD –SDSC / HPWREN –SDSU –Cal-(IT) 2 http://roadnet.ucsd.edu/ Santa Margarita Ecological Reserve R/V Revelle in Lyttleton, NZ

21. As Our Bodies Move On-Line Digital Medicine Will Emerge Internal SensorsIsraeli Video Pill –Battery, Light, & Video Camera –Images Stored on Hip Device Next StepPutting You On-Line! –Wireless Internet Transmission –Key Metabolic and Physical Sensors Genomic Individualized Medicine –Combine –Genetic Code –Body Sensor Data Flows –Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques www.givenimaging.com www.bodymedia.com www.philometron.com

22. SensorNetsReal-Time Data Storage hardware Database Systems, Grid Storage, Filesystems Data Mining, Simulation Modeling, Analysis, Data Fusion Web Portal Customized to User Device Knowledge-Based Integration Advanced Query Processing Networked Storage (SAN) Visualization High speed networking Data Organization and Mining Are at the Heart of the Always-On Internet The SDSC/Cal-(IT) 2 Knowledge and Data Engineering Laboratory

23. How Can we Deal with the Increasing Flood of Data? Scientific American, January 2001

24. Decision Makers Need Collaborative SensorNet Analysis Facilities Driven by SensorNets Data –Real Time Seismic –Environmental Monitoring –Emergency Response –Distributed Corporations Linked UCSD and SDSU –Dedication March 4, 2002 Linking Control Rooms Cox, Panoram, SAIC, SGI, IBM, TeraBurst Networks SD Telecom Council UCSD SDSU 44 Miles of Cox Fiber

25. From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UICs Elec. Vis. Lab Creating a Virtual Global Research Lab Using IP Multicast

26. Internet Engineering a Future Homeland Security Regional Network for Homeland Security –UCSD / SDSU / SD Collaboration –Meetings with SD County, Cal OES, SPAWAR, SAIC, et al Cal-(IT) 2 is Developing an Information Infrastructure –Early Warning SensorNets –Community Command System for Disaster Response –High Tech Coast Geographic Data System –Wireless Devices for First Responders

27. Patient wireless device and system Responder wireless device and system Command visualization system Hospital system Wireless bridging systems Location aware system Disaster database Wireless Internet Information System for Medical Response in Disasters (WIISARD) Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM

28. Hot Zone Prevailing wind Warm zone Compromised Transportation Corridor WMD attack site (Stadium) Emergency Response Scenario Source: Dr. Leslie Lenert, UCSD SOM Transportation Assets With Mobile Internet Bubble Triage Field Treatment Station Mobile Bubbles Patient RF IDs First Responder PDAs Hospital #1 Hospital #2 (on bypass) Transport station Control Room GPS Tracking

29. University Research on Multi-Function Sensors UCSD Cal-(IT) 2 Wireless SensorNets Group –Pollution –Biomedical –Particulate –Magnetic –Systems Integration Target Markets: –Pollution Monitoring –Monitoring Public Spaces –First Responders Handheld Nanosensor Device for Sarin Nerve Agent Developed for DARPA Micro Unattended Ground Sensors program Mike Sailor, UCSD Chemistry, Cal-(IT) 2

30. Sites and Buddies Data Structures Adapted To Patient List And Care Resources Instant Messaging Adapted for Asynchronous Provider Communications to ICC or Other Providers Campus Map Adapted to Display Hot and Warm Zones and the Locations of Patients. Digital Graffiti Adapted to Display Patient Alerts Reworking a Campus Education Communication System for Disaster Care Active Disaster Care System

31. Grid Computing is Becoming Mainstream

32. The Global Grid Will Power a Mobile Internet www.entropia.com

33. Adding Brilliance to Mobile Clients with Internet Computing Napster Meets Entropia –Distributed Computing and Storage Combined –Assume Ten Million PCs in Five Years –Average Speed Ten Gigaflop –Average Free Storage 100 GB –Planetary Computer Capacity –100,000 TeraFLOP Speed –1 Million TeraByte Storage 1000 TeraFLOPs is Roughly a Human Brain-Second –Morovec-Intelligent Robots and Mind Transferral –Kurzweil-The Age of Spiritual Machines –Joy-Humans an Endangered Species? –Vinge-Singularity

34. The Planetary Computing Power is Passing Through an Important Threshold 1 Million x Source: Hans Moravec www.transhumanist.com/volume1/power_075.jpg Will the Grid Become Self- –Organizing –Powered –Aware?

35. Can Robots Tap the Power of the Planetary Computer? Sensors –Temperature –Distance –Speed –Accelerations –Pressure –IR –Vibration –Imaging Linked to Internet by Wi-Fi Wireless Broadband –Completely Changes Robotics Architecture –Access to Nearly Infinite Computing, Storage, Software –Marriage of Net Software Agents to Physical Probes –Ad Hoc Teams of Interacting Intelligent Robots Sonys AIBO and SDR-4X