1. www.iicd.org Rural Access: Options and Challenges for Connectivity and Energy in Tanzania November 2007 Suhail Sheriff Executive Director ICT-Resource Centre Open Access 2007 Bagamoyo, Tanzania

2. www.iicd.org Commissioned by the International Institute for Communication and Development - IICD About this Study – a publication Target audience: Rural entities with basic IT skills This study is the second edition carried out in Tanzania, first being in 2006. Intended to be an annually updated report that will eventually serve historical documentation of where we have come from Purpose #1: The purpose of this report is to enable organizations engaged in rural development to make informed decisions on rural connectivity and Internet access in Tanzania. Purpose #2: The second part examines this issue and outlines the potential use and cost of alternative energy sources such as solar power, wind, hydropower and bio-mass

3. www.iicd.org Historical Perspective of ICT development in Tanzania Rural Connectivity – The Challenges Applications and uses of the Internet Main types of connectivity Some general technical considerations Backup Power Alternative Power Outline of Presentation

4. www.iicd.org Historical Perspective 1989 Store and forward e-mail service via FidoNet 1995 First Tanzanian Internet (not global) 1996 First ISP offers GLOBAL internet Regulations eased, 2 more data providers licensed Now there are multiple providers

5. www.iicd.org Last (or first) Mile Connectivity Cost of Service Appropriateness of the Service Support and Sustainability Power issues Rural Connectivity – The Challenges

6. www.iicd.org Some applications and Uses of the Internet Surfing the World Wide Web Surfing the LOCAL web Data Exchange for software applications Video-Conferencing VoIP E-mail

7. www.iicd.org Main Types of Connectivity Dial-up Cable Connection (UTP) Leased Line (point to point) ADSL (point to multipoint) Wireless (unlicensed and licensed) –Wifi –WiMax

8. www.iicd.org Usual setup in cities and small towns

9. www.iicd.org Main Types of Connectivity Mobile Technologies (3G, CDMA etc) V-SAT - Satellite

10. www.iicd.org Satellite Communication with INTERNATIONAL hub

11. www.iicd.org Satellite Communication with NATIONAL hub

12. www.iicd.org Some Technical Considerations Bandwidth Allocation – Dedicated vs. Shared Service Monitoring Tools Service Level Agreement: –Up-time Guarantee –Compensation mechanism for downtimes –Latency

13. www.iicd.org Backup Power and Protection UPS – What is it and what does it do? Surge Arrestor – What is it and what does it do? Inverter – What is it and what does it do? On-Line Inverter – What is it and what does it do?

14. www.iicd.org Types of Alternative Power SOLAR HYDRO WIND BIO-MASS

15. www.iicd.org PHOTOVOLTAICS (SOLAR)

16. www.iicd.org Componants of a SOLAR System Solar Panels Charge Controller Battery System Connected Load

17. www.iicd.org How to Plan your Solar System Calculate your: LOAD Solar Panel Array Charge Controller size Battery Bank Size

18. www.iicd.org Wind Power Turbine Usually 2-3 blades Micro to Mega scale deployment Slightly cheaper BUT; –Need more maintenance –Totally reliant on …..wind

19. www.iicd.org Pico-Hydro (Micro-Hydro) Pico-Hydro definition Maximum of 5KW Works in exactly the same way as a wind turbine, in principle, except here you can regulate the flow Documented case study in Tanzania; Kinko Village in Tanga Region; Kabanga Teacher Training College

20. www.iicd.org Bio-Mass / Bio-Fuel substances that are created from biological process and that have an energy value Some types of Bio-Fuel are: –Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO) –Waste Vegetable Oil (WVO) Bio-Fuel can be used in a modified electric Generator

21. www.iicd.org Suhail Sheriff Executive Director ICT-Resource Centre Thank you for your time and attention Please feel free to collect a copy of the publication You can also contact me on: suhail@ictrc.org END OF PRESENTATION