1. Measuring Amounts of Vitamin C in Apple Juice Leah Bury, Grade 9

2. Using titration to find out which type of apple juice (from concentrate, not from concentrate) contains the most vitamin C.

3. Research Titration- method that uses a solution with a known concentration to find the concentration of a second solution

4. Hypothesis If two different types of apple juice differ in ingredients and/or type, then they will have different amounts of Vitamin C.

5. Materials Apple Juice (20 mL) Apple Juice from Concentrate (20 mL) Vitamin C Tablets (125 mg) Distilled Water Iodine Solution (50 mL) Soluble Starch (.125 g)

6. Procedure First, Iodine and distilled water were mixed to create a 25% Iodine solution. A starch indicator solution was made by adding.125 g of starch to 25 mL of distilled water. A vitamin C standard solution was made by mixing 125 mg of vitamin C with 50 mL of distilled water. The standard vitamin C solution was titrated by adding 3 drops of the starch indicator and measuring the amount of Iodine solution needed to turn the vitamin C solution black. Then 20 mL of apple juice was titrated. After that, 40 mL of apple juice from concentrate was mixed with 40 mL of distilled water. 20 mL was titrated.

7. Data Vit. C Solution 0.0617 Apple Juice 0.333 Concentrat e 0.1388888 9 Amt. of Vit. C

8. Conclusion If two different types of apple juice differ in ingredients and/or type, then they will have different amounts of Vitamin C. The hypothesis was supported: the 2 different types of apple juice contained different amounts of vitamin C. The apple juice (not from concentrate) contained the most vitamin C. The vitamin C solution contained the least vitamin C.

9. Sources: Dartmouth College. (n.d.). ChemLab: Titration. Retrieved from Dartmouth College website: http://www.dartmouth.edu/‌~chemlab/‌techniques/‌titration.html Elsievier Inc. (2008). Vitamin C. In The Vitamins: Fundamental Aspects in Nutrition and Health (pp. 236-241). Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press. Guch, I. (2006+). Chapter 23: Acids and Bases. In The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Chemistry (2nd ed., pp. 258-259). Marie Butler-Knight. Helmenstine, A. M., Ph.D. (n.d.). Vitamin C Determination by Iodine Titration. Retrieved from About.com website: http://chemistry.about.com/‌od/‌demonstrationsexperiments/‌ss/‌vitctitration.ht m Olson, A. (2007, October 11). Which Orange Juice Has the Most Vitamin C? Retrieved from Science Buddies website: http://sciencebuddies.com/‌science-fair- projects/‌project_ideas/‌FoodSci_p009.shtml?fave=no&isb=cmlkOjQ1MzQzO Dcsc2lkOjAscDozLGlhOkZvb2RTY2k&from=TSW

10. Thanks!