1. 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services1 Alternate security mechanisms Matthew J. Graham (Caltech, NVO) T HE US N ATIONAL V IRTUAL O BSERVATORY

2. Security review Users dont care about protocols and standards – they care about better experience with enhanced privacy and security User experience: –why is security necessary? –Certificates?.globus directories? WTF? Developer experience: –Buzkashi Community interests: –Decentralization 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services2

3. OpenID Single digital identity for use with any web site or service requiring authentication Open, free and decentralized standard Well supported 120 million OpenIDs (July 2007) Microsoft, Google, Yahoo (Jan 2008) 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services3

4. OpenID: how it works User registers an OpenID identity (URI or XRI) with an OpenID identity provider Relying party (service provider) displays single input box for OpenID identifier Relying party converts OpenID identifier to a canonical URL form and obtains identity service provider URL from there Relying party and identity provider establish shared secret and then user is redirected to identity provider for authentication User is redirected back to relying party along with credentials. Relying party validates that credentials originated from relying party using shared secret. 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services4

5. OpenID: issues NVO setting up prototype OpenID identity provider service alongside current SSO setup: –use attribute to strengthen OpenID has little provision for web services (SOAP or RESTful): –requires communication between user and relying party and user and identity provider –checkid_immediate? –check_authentication? 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services5

6. OAuth An API access delegation protocol Well supported User grants access to their protected resources to a consumer using tokens generated by a service provider instead of their credentials Defines three endpoints: –Request token –User authentication - Access token 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services6

7. Oauth: how it works 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services7

8. OAuth All done with HTTP GET/POST and headers As with OpenID, requires some level of user interaction: capture credentials or request approval 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services8

9. Summary Industry embracing decentralised security mechanisms: –web of trust vs hierarchical model Currently well-suited to web apps involving a browser but not to web services (no user) What is the Grid community doing? –Shibboleth/GridShib? 22 May 2008IVOA Trieste: Grid & Web Services9