1. Malcolm Knowles: Student comes to the learning with rich experience Student moves toward self-direction in learning Student learns best in an experience-rich environment Student needs to be able to use the learning to solve problems that are meaningful

2. StudentTeacherExamples Stage 1DependentAuthority, CoachCoaching with immediate feedback. Drill. Informational lecture. Overcoming deficiencies and resistance. Stage 2InterestedMotivator, guideInspiring lecture plus guided discussion. Goal-setting and learning strategies. Stage 3InvolvedFacilitatorDiscussion facilitated by teacher who participates as equal. Seminar. Group projects. Stage 4Self-directedConsultant, delegator Internship, dissertation, individual work or self-directed study-group. http://www.longleaf.net/ggrow/SSDL/Model.html#Figure1

3. The CTL Classroom Environment The Contextual Approach:  Encourages design of learning environments that incorporate different forms of experience  Allows students to discover meaningful relationships between abstract ideas and practical applications  Enables concepts to be internalized through discovering, reinforcing, and relating

4. Convergence of intelligence and learning theories suggest similar methods for effective teaching and learning:  Gardner: The mind’s capacity for learning is broader than assumed  Kolb: Individuals have a natural ability to learn through a variety of methods  Caine and Caine: Connectedness is a key to effective learning  Malcolm Knowles—Principles of Andragogy

5.  Most people learn best in a concrete manner involving activities and personal discovery.  Learning is enhanced when new information is presented in familiar contexts.  Most people learn best experientially.  Most people learn best through interpersonal communications, sharing, etc.  Transfer of knowledge from one situation to another is not a given but a skill to be learned.

6. Traditional  Rote learning  Skill drill  Memorization  “Practice makes perfect”  Multiple-choice tests Contextual Cooperative learning groups Peer mentoring Students gather data to solve problems Alternative assessments Hands-on, activity- based learning

7. “If someone can figure out the algorithm for a routine job, chances are that it is economic to automate it. Many good, well-paying middle class jobs involve routine work of this kind and are rapidly being automated.” “A swiftly rising number of American workers at every skill level are in direct competition with workers in every corner of the globe.” “This is a world in which a very high level of preparation in reading, writing, speaking, mathematics, science, literature, history and the arts will be an indispensible foundation for everything that comes after for most members of the workforce.”