1. An Electron Ion Collider at HIAF
Xurong Chen
for the study group
The Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou, China
The 5th Workshop on Hadron Physics in China and Opportunities in USA
Huangshan, July 3, 2013

2. Outline Introduction to IMP EIC@HIAF Physics and Simulations
Conclusions

3. The Institute of Modern Physics (IMP)
The institute of Modern Physics(IMP) was founded in It is affiliated with Chinese Academy of Science (CAS)
The national Laboratory for the heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou was established at the IMP in 1991.
IMP mainly focuses on basic research in heavy ion physics and its related interdisciplinary science
There are about 800 scientists and engineers, including two academicians of CAS and 60 full professors
IMP is one of the well-known research centers of low-and intermediate energy heavy ion physics in the world.

4. Lanzhou

5. Main EIC plans in the world
LHC  LHeC
RHIC  eRHIC
CEBAF  MEIC/EIC
HERA
FAIR  ENC

6. The Layout of HIAF Complex
2.4GeV ER
eLinac-Ring
2.4 GeV (e)
3.0×1013
ICR-43
12.0 GeV (p)
4.1×1012
Key Characteristics:
High energy & High intensity & Pulse
Cooled intense primary beam & RIBs
Beam compression
Super long period slow extraction
Multi-operation modes
CBR-13/12
3.9ms/turn, 173turns, 680 ms
(A=400,ε=2.3, f=1.5)
ABR-20/18
3.0 GeV (p)
2.8×1012
SLinac
0.34 GeV/u (238U34+)
2.7×1011
17 MeV/u (U34+)
50 MeV/u (p)
40 pmA
5 Hz, 430 μs
1 pmA
1 Hz, 680 μs
6.2ms/turn, 70turns, 430 ms
(A=400,ε=5.7, f=1.5)
For more details, see Jiancheng Yang’s talk 6 6

7. Lepton-Nucleon Facilities
e(2.4 GeV) +p(12 GeV), both polarized, L = 4 x 1032cm2/s
HIAF

8. e(2.4 GeV) +p(12 GeV), both polarized, L = 4 x 1032cm2/s
Kinematic Coverage Comparison with JLab 12 GeV
e(2.4 GeV) +p(12 GeV), both polarized, L = 4 x 1032cm2/s
Phase-1: ~2019: 2.4 x12 GeV
Both e and p polarized
Luminosity: 4 x 1032cm2/s
Phase-2: ~2030
10 x 100 GeV
study sea quarks (x > 0.01)
deep exclusive scattering at
Q2 > 5-10
higher Q2 in valance region

9. Unified view of nucleon structure
EIC – 3D imaging of nucleon structure:
TMDs – confined motion in a nucleon (semi-inclusive DIS)
GPDs – Spatial imaging of quarks and gluons (exclusive DIS)

10. The Unique Advantages of EIC@HIAF
The main theme for JLab 12 GeV is the study of the valance quark structure (and confinement)
The main theme for full EIC (eRHIC, ELIC, LHeC…) is to understand the gluons
The energy reach of the is higher than JLab 12GeV but lower than the full EIC being considered in US (at about the lower end)
phase-1 (3GeV e x 12 GeV p): x is in region[0.01,0.1]. It’s the best region for sea quark study

11. Spin-Flavor Study at EIC@HIAF
Unique opportunity for Δs
JLab12 GeV energy not high enough to have clean Ds measurements
But, combination of energy and luminosity：
By semi-inclusive DIS, in particular, for Kaons , will help to identify strange quark helicity

12. TMD Study at EIC@HIAF Unique opportunity for TMD in “sea quark” region
reach x ~ 0.01 (JLab12 mainly valence quark region, reach x ~ 0.1)
Semi-inclusive DIS, for charged hadrons, to measure TMD sea quark distributions
Charm-pair production to measure TMD gluon distributions
Significant increase in Q2 range for valence region
energy reach Q2 ~40 GeV2 at x ~ 0.4 (JLab12, Q2 < 10)

13. GPD Study at EIC@HIAF Significant increase in range for DVCS
Extend the kinematics covered by JLab
Unique opportunity for Deeply virtual meson production (DVMP) (pion/Kaon)
flavor decomposition needs DVMP energy reach Q2 > 5-10 GeV2
JLab12 energy not high enough to have clean light meson deep exclusive process
which is the case for design

14. Hadron Physics at EIC@HIAF
Many aspects of hadron’s partonic structure can be naturally addressed by EIC, but, not other machines: e+ e-, pp, pA, AA
There are a lot to be done in the meson (including exotic meson) and X-Y-Z particles, where EIC might have an important role to play

15. Golden Measurements at EIC@HIAF
To measure strange quark polarization in kaon Semi-inclusive DIS production
TMD Sivers function in Semi-inclusive DIS, Q2 evolution, etc.
DVCS/DVMP, to measure quark orbital angular momentum
Quark propagation in medium to compare with heavy ion collisions

16. meeting
The 2nd International workshop on QCD and Hadron Physics, March 30-April 3, 2013, Lanzhou
QCD and hadron physics
EIC Physics

17. meeting
The four experiments were re-affirmed as good candidates for golden measurements
Some of the unique advantages of the (comparing to fixed target experiments) for SIDIS study were emphasized (Ahbay and Elka), especially the clean separation of the current fragmentation from the target fragmentation (Delta_s, TMDs and hadronization clean measurements)
Adjustability of beam energy is needed for flavor separation of GPD study (which is the case for design)
We decided to do simulation and whitepaper at once, and should be done before July 2013

18. Two More Golden Measurements
Craig Roberts:
Pointed out the importance of higher Q2 will provide (comparing to JLab12), which are essential for clean measurement in the valence quark region
Suggests: (5) the pion and kaon structure
function measurment, which can be a benchmark
experiment to test non-perturbative QCD calculations
Eli: (6): EMC-SRC measurement:
which will be a high impact experiment
if can make precision
measurement

19. Simulation Progress
Xiaodong Jiang's group (Los Alamos) is doing the sea-quark polarization simulation and it has been done
The TMD simulation is done by Haiyan's group (Duke). The plot is being finalized.
The GPD group (Saclay/ODU/JLab) is doing the GPD (DVMP with pi/K) simulation, they are trying to produce results
Paul Reimer (Argonne) is doing the pion structure function simulation. Craig has produced first draft of a write-up

20. The TMD simulation: Projections for SIDIS Asymmetry π+
By Haiyan’s group
may reach the same precision with SoLID

21. Sea Quark Sivers Function
we can clearly see that the EIC will be a powerful facility enabling access to TMDs with unprecedented precision, and particularly in the currently unexplored sea quark region
This precision is not only crucial for the fundamental QCD test of the sign change between the Sivers asymmetries in the DIS and Drell-Yan processes, but also important to investigate the QCD dynamics in the hard processes in SIDIS
Exploration of the sea quark Sivers function will provide, for the first time, the unique information on the spin-orbital correlation in the small-x region

22. Simulated errors for pi structure function measurement
By Paul E. Reimer
Simulated errors for DIS events using a 3 GeV electron beam on a 12 GeV proton beam with a luminosity of 5 x 1032 cm−2 s−1 and 106 s of running. A precise result could be obtained on the domain x <= 0.9

23. Our Future Plan Physics Simulations (will be done very soon)
Detector simulations
Whitepaper writing
Jianwei Qiu, Feng Yuan, etc., are working hard on it
The first draft will come up very soon
Chinese version is needed
It really needs international community efforts on simulations and whitepaper writing !

24. Job Opportunities Welcome!
Now we have several immediate openings for postdoctoral researchers/guest Professors to work on EIC related physics (such as QCD, nucleon structure, small x physics, hadron physics, etc.)
For further information you may refer to the following links:
If one needs further information please contact us:
(theory)
(experiment) 
Welcome!

25. Summary
opens up a new window to study/understand nucleon structure, especially the sea quark
Anthony Thomas: This proposal at IMP is extremely exciting and to have this working in 6 years would be wonderful. It is a machine ideally suited to a number of important problems.
Craig Roberts:
Providing the understanding of hadrons, verifying QCD, perhaps, or replacing it, will be one of Nuclear Physics’ greatest contributions to science.
It is in a position to make concrete predictions (Predictions for GPDs and TMDs will follow).Such predictions represent consequences of statements about confinement and DCSB (Dynamical Chiral Symmetry Breaking )
If China-EIC is in a position to test those predictions, then we can get to the heart of the most interesting problem in fundamental physics today