1. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life -Absent last Friday? -Get 3 handouts + hand written letter -Get book -Place notebooks on shelf -Completed Student info & Honor Code sheets? -Place in your period’s box (by door) -I will scream sometime during this chapter

2. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life -Completed Student info & Honor Code sheets? -Place in your period’s box (by door) -I will scream sometime during this chapter -AM: 3-3 -PM: 0-2 -Phone in bin…muted or off…please & thank you -Galapagos promo videoGalapagos promo video -Interested people?

3. Essential Questions LO 1.2 The student is able to evaluate evidence provided by data to qualitatively and quantitatively investigate the role of natural selection in evolution. LO 1.5 The student is able to connect evolutionary changes in a population over time to a change in the environment. LO 1.9 The student is able to evaluate evidence provided by data from many scientific disciplines that support biological evolution. LO 1.10 The student is able to refine evidence based on data from many scientific disciplines that support biological evolution. LO 1.11 The student is able to design a plan to answer scientific questions regarding how organisms have changed over time using information from morphology, biochemistry and geology. LO 1.12 The student is able to connect scientific evidence from many scientific disciplines to support the modern concept of evolution. LO 1.22 The student is able to use data from a real or simulated population(s), based on graphs or models of types of selection, to predict what will happen to the population in the future.

4. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? -Gradual heritable change over time 3.What is paleontology? -Study of fossils -Allows for relative dating – older or younger – layer found in Grant video on beaks

5. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? -Inheritance of acquired characteristics -Evolution within an organism’s lifetime – use & disuse -Examples – Blacksmith, giraffe -A twist…..epigenetic inheritance supports Lamarck -Changes in expression w/o changes in alleles 5.What was Darwin’s view? -Descent with modification – tree of life -REPRODUCTION of the fittest -not SOTF -Story time…

6. England EUROPE NORTH AMERICA Galápagos Islands Darwin in 1840, after his return SOUTH AMERICA Cape of Good Hope Cape Horn Tierra del Fuego AFRICA HMS Beagle in port AUSTRALIA Tasmania New Zealand PACIFIC OCEAN Andes ATLANTIC OCEAN Figure 22.5 The voyage of HMS Beagle

7. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? -Inheritance of acquired characteristics -Evolution within an organism’s lifetime – use & disuse -Examples – Blacksmith, giraffe -A twist…..epigenetic inheritance supports Lamarck -Changes in expression w/o changes in alleles 5. What was Darwin’s view? -Descent with modification – tree of life -REPRODUCTION of the fittest -not SOTF -Story time….. -Studied Galapagos finches

8. Figure 22.6 Beak variation in Galápagos finches (a) Cactus eater. The long, sharp beak of the cactus ground finch (Geospiza scandens) helps it tear and eat cactus flowers and pulp. (c) Seed eater. The large ground finch (Geospiza magnirostris) has a large beak adapted for cracking seeds that fall from plants to the ground. (b) Insect eater. The green warbler finch (Certhidea olivacea) uses its narrow, pointed beak to grasp insects.

9. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? -Inheritance of acquired characteristics -Evolution within an organism’s lifetime – use & disuse -Examples – Blacksmith, giraffe 5.What was Darwin’s view? -Descent with modification – tree of life -REPRODUCTION of the fittest -not SOTF -Story time….. -Studied Galapagos finches -1859 – The Origin of Species – 2 main points -Descent with Modification (evolution) f/ common ancestor -Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution

10. Figure 22.7 Descent with modification Hyracoidea (Hyraxes) Sirenia (Manatees and relatives) Years ago Millions of years ago Deinotherium Mammut Stegodon Mammuthus Platybelodon Barytherium Moeritherium Elephas maximus (Asia) Loxodonta africana (Africa) Loxodonta cyclotis (Africa)

11. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view -Natural selection is differential reproductive success -Natural selection occurs through interactions between the environment and the variability among individual organisms in a population

12. Figure 22.9 Variation in a population

13. Figure 22.11 Camouflage as an example of evolutionary adaptation (a)A flower mantid in Malaysia (b)A stick mantid in Africa

14. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view -Natural selection is differential reproductive success -Natural selection occurs through interactions between the environment and the variability among individual organisms in a population -The product of natural selection is the adaptation of a population of organisms to their environment 7.What is artificial selection? - Selective breeding to encourage the occurrence of desirable traits

15. Figure 22.10 Artificial selection Terminal bud Lateral buds Brussels sprouts Cabbage Flower cluster Leaves Cauliflower Flower and stems BroccoliWild mustard Kohlrabi Stem Kale

16. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view 7.What is artificial selection? 8.What is the evidence for evolution? -Homologous structures – similar structures with different functions show signs of evolution from a common ancestor, may be vestigial organs

17. Figure 22.14 Mammalian forelimbs: Homologous structures HumanCat Whale Bat

18. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view 7.What is artificial selection? 8.What is the evidence for evolution? -Homologous structures – similar structures with different functions show signs of evolution from a common ancestor, may be vestigial organs -Comparative embryology -Pharyngeal gill slits -Post-anal tail

19. Figure 22.15 Anatomical similarities in vertebrate embryos Pharyngeal pouches Post-anal tail Chick embryo Human embryo

20. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view 7.What is artificial selection? 8.What is the evidence for evolution? -Homologous structures – similar structures with different functions show signs of evolution from a common ancestor, may be vestigial organs -Comparative embryology -Pharyngeal gill slits -Post-anal tail -Molecular biology (e.g. DNA, protein, glycolysis)

21. Figure 22.16 Comparison of a protein found in diverse vertebrates Species Human Rhesus monkey Mouse Chicken Frog Lamprey 14% 54% 69% 87% 95% 100% Percent of Amino Acids That Are Identical to the Amino Acids in a Human Hemoglobin Polypeptide

22. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view 7.What is artificial selection? 8.What is the evidence for evolution? -Homologous structures – similar structures with different functions show signs of evolution from a common ancestor, may be vestigial organs -Comparative embryology -Pharyngeal gill slits -Post-anal tail -Molecular biology (e.g. DNA, protein, glycolysis) -Biogeography – geographical distribution of species

23. Fig. 22.17 Different geographic regions, different mammalian “brands” Sugar glider AUSTRALIA NORTH AMERICA Flying squirrel

24. Chapter 22: Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life 1.What do you know about evolution? 2.What is evolution? 3.What is paleontology? 4.What was Lamarck’s view? 5.What was Darwin’s view? 6.Summarizing Darwin’s view 7.What is artificial selection? 8.What is the evidence for evolution? -Homologous structures -Comparative embryology -Molecular biology -Biogeography – geographical distribution of species -Fossils

25. Figure 22.18 A transitional fossil linking past and present