2. Stress management Dr. Vasuprada Kartic NAC Batch IX

3. Stress Management

4. WHAT IS STRESS? Stress is your mind and body’s response or reaction to a real or imagined threat, event or change. The threat, event or change are commonly called stressors. Stressors can be internal (thoughts, beliefs, attitudes or external (loss, tragedy, change).

5. LEVELS OF STRESS the positive and the negative

6. EUSTRESS Eustress or positive stress occurs when your level of stress is high enough to motivate you to move into action to get things accomplished.

7. DISTRESS Distress or negative stress occurs when your level of stress is either too high or too low and your body and/or mind begin to respond negatively to the stressors.

8. STAGES OF STRESS

9. ALARM STAGE As you begin to experience a stressful event or perceive something to be stressful psychological changes occur in your body. This experience or perception disrupts your body’s normal balance and immediately your body begins to respond to the stressor(s) as effectively as possible.

10. EXAMPLES Cardiac - increased heart rate Respiratory - increased respiration Skin - decreased temperature Hormonal - increased stimulation of adrenal genes which produce an adrenal rush.

11. RESISTANCE STAGE During this stage your body tries to cope or adapt to the stressors by beginning a process of repairing any damage the stressor has caused. Your friends, family or co-workers may notice changes in you before you do so it is important to examine their feedback to make sure you do not reach overload.

12. EXAMPLES Behavior indicators include: lack of enthusiasm for family, school, work or life in general, withdrawal, change in eating habits, insomnia, hypersomnia, anger, fatigue. Cognitive Indicators include: poor problem solving, confusion, nightmares, hyper- vigilance, delusions.

13. RESISTANCE STAGE MORE EXAMPLES Emotional indicators include: tearfulness fear anxiety panic guilt agitation depression overwhelmed.

14. EXHAUSTION STAGE During this stage the stressor is not being managed effectively and the body and mind are not able to repair the damage.

15. EXAMPLES Digestive disorders, withdrawal, headaches, tension, insomnia, loss of temper, Irritable bowel syndrome, generalized fatigue.

16. Non fulfillment of Basic physical needs… Food Shelter Clothing Sleep Rest

17. Biorhythms Sleep wake rhythm which is mostly dependent on light cues and tiredness since last sleep Increased body temperature wakes us up Pulse rate at 72 per minute. Inhaling increases and exhaling decreases, while maintaining the average

18. Disrupted rhythms Night shift workers/changing shifts(like your work) Unpredictable timings Frequent travellers across timezones Internal clocks can only adapt very little to these demands

19. Result of these disruptions Lower alertness and performance Increased/decreased sleep Loss of rhythm/ untimely rhythm Leading to Mental, physical and emotional health problems

20. Specific psychological stressors Loss of contact Loss of individual freedom Feeling of loneliness and family worries Comparison with counterparts Relationship with superiors and colleagues Emotional deprivation

21. S A S Os and stress As bad as a major combat Hostile conditions and/or civilians Threats hard to recognize Boredom, no privacy and restricted movement.

22. STRESS RATING SCALE The following are events that occur in the life of a college student. Place a check in the left-hand column for each of those events that has happened to you during the last 12 months. ___ Death of a close family member - 100 points ____ Jail term - 80 points ____ Final year or first year in college - 63 points ____ Pregnancy (to you or caused by your) - 60 points ____ Severe personal illness or injury - 53 points ____ Marriage - 50 points ____ Any interpersonal problems - 45 points ____ Financial difficulties - 40 points ____ Death of a close friend - 40 points ____ Arguments with your roommate (more than every other day) - 40 points ____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’ ____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points ____ Change in living environment - 30 points ____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points ____Problems with your boss or professor - 25 points ____ Outstanding personal achievement - 25 points ____ Failure in some course - 25 points ____ Final exams - 20 points ____ Increased or decreased dating - 20 points ____ Changes in working conditions - 20 points ____ Change in your major ____ Change in your sleeping habits - 18 points ____ Several-day vacation - 15 points ____ Change in eating habits - 15 points ____ Family reunion - 15 points ____ Change in recreational activities - 15 points ____ Minor illness or injury - 15 points ____ Minor violations of the law - 11 points Score: _________________

23. ___ Death of a close family member - 100 points ____ Jail term - 80 points ____ Final year or first year in college - 63 points ____ Pregnancy (to you or caused by you) - 60 points ____ Severe personal illness or injury - 53 points ____ Marriage - 50 points ____ Any interpersonal problems - 45 points ____ Financial difficulties - 40 points ____ Death of a close friend - 40 points

24. Arguments with your roommate (more than every other day) - 40 points ____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’ ____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points ____ Change in living environment - 30 points ____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points ____Problems with your boss or professor - 25 points ____ Outstanding personal achievement - 25 points ____ Failure in some course - 25 points ____ Final exams - 20 points ____ Increased or decreased dating - 20 points

25. Changes in working conditions - 20 points ____ Change in your major habits- 20 points ____ Change in your sleeping habits - 18 points ____ Several-day vacation - 15 points ____ Change in eating habits - 15 points ____ Family reunion - 15 points ____ Change in recreational activities - 15 points ____ Minor illness or injury - 15 points ____ Minor violations of the law - 11 points

26. INTERPRETING YOUR SCORE Less than 150 points : relatively low stress level in relation to life events 150 - 300 points : borderline range Greater than 300 points : high stress in relation to life events Note: From Girdano, D.A., Everly, G. S., Jr., & Dusek, D. E. (1990). Controlling stress and tension (3rd edition), ENnglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

27. I’M IN CONTROL - DISTRESS RELIEF STRATEGIES Feeling good about yourselves can be an effective buffer against stress. Eliminate unnecessary worries. Most worries are either passed on to us by another or conjured up in our imagination. GET PHYSICAL 1. Relax neck and shoulders 2. Take a stretch 3. Get a massage 4. Exercise GET MENTAL 5. Count to 10 6. Control your thoughts 7. Fantasize 8. Congratulate yourself 9. Ignore the problem if appropriate, after evaluation 10. Perform self maintenance 11. Talk to a counselor GET SPIRITUAL 12. Meditate 13. Pray 14. Remember your purpose USE YOUR BODY AND MIND TOGETHER 15. Take a break 16. Get hug therapy 17. Try progressive relaxation 18. Try yoga 19. Try aroma therapy 20. Laugh DEVELOP NEW SKILLS 21. Prioritize daily tasks 22. Learn something 23. Practice a hobby

28. Relaxation helps in.. Recharge yourself Increases ability to control reactions Refocussing on the job needs Helps one get to sleep Rebuild social relationships

29. Some Strategies Feeling good about yourselves can be an effective buffer against stress. Eliminate unnecessary worries. Most worries are either passed on to us by another or conjured up in our imagination. GET PHYSICAL 1. Relax neck and shoulders 2. Take a stretch 3. Get a massage 4. Exercise

30. GET MENTAL 5. Count to 10 6. Control your thoughts 7. Fantasize 8. Congratulate yourself 9. Ignore the problem if appropriate, after evaluation 10. Perform self maintenance 11. Talk to a counselor

32. GET SPIRITUAL 12. Meditate 13. Pray 14. Remember your purpose

33. USE YOUR BODY AND MIND TOGETHER 15. connect with nature in a positive way 16. Get hug therapy 17. Try progressive relaxation 18. Try yoga 19. Try aroma therapy 20. Laugh

34. DEVELOP NEW SKILLS 21. Prioritize daily tasks 22. Learn something 23. Practice a hobby

35. Thank you