1. The Revolutionary War 1775- 1783

2. American Advantages/British Advantages AMERICA Had a cause to fight for Superior military leaders Fighting a defensive war Fighting on familiar territory BRITAIN L arger, better- trained & equipped military B est navy in world W ell established & stable government B etter financial resources

3. American & British Disadvantages AMERICA Inexperienced and ill-equipped military No real navy No real govt. organization Few financial reserves BRITAIN Logistics – 3,000 mi. supply lines across Atlantic Ignorance of the terrain Less local support Superior attitude Outdated battle tactics & strategies

4. The Northern Campaign, 1775-1777 1. Focuses on Boston, NYC, & Philadelphia Belief that if major cities fall, the colonists must surrender British forced to evacuate Boston but quickly defeat colonial forces in NYC, and New Jersey Turning Point: Battle of Saratoga, 1777 British army defeated by combined forces of Continental Army in upstate NY Convinced France that U.S. might be able to win; made alliance with Americans

5. Result of Saratoga:French Alliance A. U.S. now had access to 1.A navy 2.Financial backing 3.French military supplies 4.French military expertise Gen. RochambeauMarquis de Lafayette Admiral de Grasse

6. The Southern Campaign, 1778-1783 A.British military changes its strategy and its commander: Cornwallis replaces Howe Plan is to concentrate on southern states (expected more Loyalist support) and quickly bring them back under control Then turn attention to New England colonies who will be isolated

7. Battle of Yorktown A.After smashing victories in the Carolinas, Cornwallis decides to winter his troops in Yorktown Virginia during 1780-’81 A peninsula with only one escape route Washington recognizes British vulnerability & plans surprise attack on Cornwallis

8. The War Concludes Adm. De Grasse of French Navy will move in to block British escape by sea at same time as Generals Washington & Rochambeau force march their troops from NY, to block escape by land Washington catches Cornwallis in a trap & forces his surrender in 1781 The real fighting was over now as British citizens demanded an end to this costly conflict Official peace not made until 1783, with Paris Peace Treaty.

9. Treaty of Paris, 1783 The U.S. after Treaty of Paris, 1783 Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and James Monroe at Treaty negotiations The Treaty ended the American Revolution and U.S. recognized as independent nation