1. English Vowels: Back Vowels
Unit 6
English Vowels: Back Vowels
/ɑ:/ /ʌ/ /u:/ /u/ /ɔ:/ /ɔ/

2. Revision: English Front Vowels and Central Vowels
high
front
central
back i: 1 i
mid-high з: e ə
mid-low æ
low
Vowel Charts: English Front Vowels & Central Vowels
Demo of Pronunciation Power

3. Vowel Charts: English Back Vowels
front
central
back
high u: u
mid-high ɔ:
mid-low ʌ ɔ ɑ:
low
Vowel Charts: English Back Vowels

4. The dog is barking after the car.
Warming Up
Bark.Bark.Bark.
The dog is barking after the car.

5. /ɑ:/ /ʌ/

6. Can you read them? past /pɑ:st/ 过去 last/lɑ:st/最后
glass/glɑ:s/玻璃 class/klɑ:s/ 班级
star/stɑ:/星星 car/kɑ:/小汽车
park/pɑ:k/ 公园 dark/dɑ:k/ 黑暗的

7. Can you read them? son /sʌn/儿子 sun/sʌn/太阳 flood/flʌd/洪水 blood/blʌd/血液
up /ʌp/ 在上面 love/lʌv/ 爱情
son /sʌn/儿子 sun/sʌn/太阳
flood/flʌd/洪水 blood/blʌd/血液
Attention: /ɑ:/和/ʌ/音在发音规则上有很大区别。发/ɑ:/音时的口型要比发/ʌ/音时的大。发/ɑ:/时，气流畅通，发音较长，而发/ʌ/时气流受阻，极为短促。

8. Contrast /ɑ:/ and /ʌ/ /ɑ:/ /ʌ/ task tusk march much dark duck
/ɑ:/ /ʌ/
task tusk
march much
dark duck
last lust
cart cut

9. 发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。 发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。 极为短促的气流从口腔冲出，微振声带发音。
/u:/ /u/
发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。
双唇收圆，稍突出。
气流从口腔冲出，振动声带发音。
发音时舌后部抬起，舌身后缩，舌尖离开下齿。
双唇收圆，开口略大于/u:/，稍突出。
极为短促的气流从口腔冲出，微振声带发音。

10. Learn to read them: food/fu:d/食物 rude/ru:d/ 粗鲁的
lose /lu:z/ 丢失 loose/lu:s/松散的
who/hu:/ 谁（主格） do/du:/ 做
blue/blu:/ 蓝色的 glue/glu:/胶水

11. Learn to read them: look/luk/看见 book/buk/书 could/kud/能够 would/wud/将要
foot/fut/脚 cook/kuk/烹调
put/put/ 放 good/gud/好

12. Contrast /u:/ and /u/ /u:/ /u/ fool full pool pull cool cook luke look
roof wolf

13. /ɔ/ /ɔ:/ 发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩， 发音时口张大，舌后部抬得比/ɔ/略高， 双唇稍稍收圆。 双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。
/ɔ/ /ɔ:/
发音时口张大，舌身尽量降低并后缩，
双唇稍稍收圆。
极为短促的气流从空腔中冲出，振动声带发音
发音时口张大，舌后部抬得比/ɔ/略高，
双唇收得更圆更小，并向前突出。
气流从空腔中冲出，振动声带发音

14. Please read them correctly.
stop/stɔp/停止 hot/h ɔt/热的
lot/lɔt/许多 bottle/bɔtl/瓶子
cough/kɔf/咳嗽 boss/bɔs/老板
sock/sɔk/短袜 cock/kɔk/公鸡

15. Please read them correctly
call/kɔ:l/打电话 all/ɔ:l/所有的
hall/hɔ:l/大厅 law/lɔ:/法律
fault/fɔ:lt/错误 lawn/lɔ:n/草坪
talk/tɔ:k/谈话
broad/brɔ:d/宽阔的

16. Practice He lost his job in the Foreign Office.
The doctor forgot to stop at the crossing.
The boss was not sorry for calling off the talk with Tom.
All I want is a proper cup of coffee.

17. 被囚禁的大公鸡 有一个cock(公鸡) 穿一双sock(袜子) 脚被人lock(锁住) 找一块rock(岩石) 狠狠地knock(敲)
把主人shock(震惊)

18. Vowel Charts: English Pure Vowels
front
central
back
high i: u: i u
mid-high з: e ə ɔ:
mid-low ʌ ɔ æ ɑ:
low
Vowel Charts: English Pure Vowels

19. Listening Exercise – Sound discrimination
1. fool full
2. cooed could
3. pool pull
4. Luke look
5. wooed would
6. kooky cookie
7. caught cot
8. hawk hock
9. dawn don
10. taught tot
11. heart hot
12. guard god
13. carp cop
14. lark lock
15. barn bun
16. dark duck
17. march much
18. calm come
19. cart cut
20. harm hum

20. Listening –discrimination
1. Cot- cart
2. Cop-cop
3. Calm-come
4. Heart-hot
5. Lark-lark
6. Gloss-gloss
7. Pot-port
8. short-short
9. god-guard
10. pool-pull
12. cook-cook

21. Listening Exercise – Sounds for information
What are you going to do with the cup/carp?
How much do you know about his stuff/staff?
She has lost her hut/heart to the newcomer.
I've never seen a bigger barn/bun than this.
This cop/carp looks different from the others.
I have to get rid of the cot/cart.
Have you seen my forks/fox?
He told me that the man was shot/short.
Now, I would like to have a nice little walk/wok.
Did they say they could/cooed?

22. Listening Exercise – Sounds for information
What are you going to do with the carp?
How much do you know about his staff?
She has lost her heart to the newcomer.
I've never seen a bigger bun than this.
This carp looks different from the others.
I have to get rid of the cart.
Have you seen my fox?
He told me that the man was short.
Now, I would like to have a nice little wok.
Did they say they cooed?

23. Speaking Exercise – sounds in perception and production
1. a. Did she calm down for tea? No, she was too excited.
b. Did she come down for tea? No, she was too busy.
2. a. The girls are always larky. Yes, because they are happy.
b. The girls are always lucky. Yes, aren't they lucky!
3. a. He's got a very bad cart. What's it like?
b. He's got a very bad cut. Was it serious?
4. a. The guard is going to take half. Why so much?
b. The guard is going to take huff. Why is he so angry?
5. a. What shall we do to save the dying carp? Put it into the pool.
b. What shall we do to save the dying cop? Let's call the police.
6. a. Gloria is worried about her calf Is it dying?
b. Gloria is worried about her cough. Has she seen the doctor?
7. a. Do you like cards? I never play cards.
b. Do you like cods? They're delicious.
8. a. Where's the new port? It's two kilometres away.
b. Where's the new pot? It's on the table.
9. a. How do you spell "pork" PORK.
b. How do you spell "pock" POCK
10. a. How do you spell "wooed" WOOED.
b. How do you spell "wood" WOOD.

24. Folklore – Stories of Cultures Past
Reading aloud – Pay special attention to the pronunciation of front vowels and central vowels.
Folklore – Stories of Cultures Past
Folklore is the study of culture and history that is passed on through oral literature. The word “oral” means relating to the mouth, especially the spoken word. Oral literature includes stories, poems, and songs that are passed on by word of mouth. They are passed between family members and residents of villages, and from one generation to the next. Before written language and books, and long before computers, people passed information orally – by telling stories and singing songs. In some parts of the world, the oral tradition is still the primary way of communication.
There are many different purposes of these songs and stories. Some stories and songs taught religious beliefs; others celebrated romance and the triumph of good over evil. Still others gave important moral lessons, especially to children. Many of these stories contained supernatural elements like fairies, witches and magic spells.

25. Reading aloud –. Identify words that are stressed first
Reading aloud – Identify words that are stressed first. Pay special attention to the pronunciation of back vowels
Folklore is the study of culture and history.
The word “oral” means relating to the mouth.
Oral literature includes stories, poems, and songs passed on by word of mouth.
They are passed between family members.
They are passed among residents of villages.
They are passed from one generation to the next.
People passed information orally.
People passed information by telling stories and singing songs.
The oral tradition is still the primary way of communication.
There are many different purposes of these songs and stories.
Some stories and songs taught religious beliefs.
Others celebrated romance and the triumph of good over evil.
Still others gave important moral lessons.
Many of these stories contained supernatural elements.
Many of these stories contained fairies, witches and magic spells.

26. 模仿视频（好莱坞经典片《音乐之声-do re mi》之哆来咪）训练所学元音
doe a deer a female deer
ray a drop of golden sun
me a name i call myself
far a long long way to run
sew a needle pulling thread
la a note to follow sew
tea a drink with jam and bread
that will bring us back to doe
oh-oh-oh