1. By Rachel Anderson & Colleen Burns

2.  Male and female jealousy is evoked by different threats! › Males  Sexual infidelity › Females  Emotional infidelity  Found in many cultures.. A human universal? › U.S., Netherlands, Germany, Korea, Japan, Sweden Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

3.  1) Forced-choice studies › Which event is more upsetting?  2) Continuous rating-scales › Report emotional reactions.  3) Physiological responses › Heart rate, electrodermal activity, electromyographic activity, blood pressure, temperature Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

4.  Harris (2002): › Different studies find different proportions › Only one physiological measure showed sex differences (Buss et al. 1992) › Attempts to replicate failed to find female differences between the 2 threat types › Previous studies employ only one method Opposing theory: sexual infidelity implies emotional infidelity and vice versa. Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

5.  Current Study Methods: › 47 undergrads (25 female, 22 male) › Use all three measures on each participant: 1.Forced choice 2.Continuous rating-scale 3.Physiological measures Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

6. Forced Choice: › 73% of males reported greater distress over sexual infidelity › 96% of females reported greater distress over emotional infidelity Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

7. Continuous rating-scale › Men: greater anger, rage, betrayal : sexual infidelity › Women: greater anger, anxiety, fear : emotional infidelity Physiological measures men: more responsive to sexual women: more responsive to emotional Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

8.  Generalized autonomic arousal is elicited in response to different types of relationship threats in men and women. › Rage, betrayal  male response to sexual infidelity › Anxiety, fear  female response to emotional infidelity › Corroborates evolutionary theory of sexually differentiated jealousy response systems! Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.

9.  Strengths: › 1) 3 measures strengthen findings › 2) opens doors to finding specific mechanism  Weaknesses: › 1) fails to discuss the why question Pietrzak, R.H., Laird, J.D., Stevens, D.A., Thompson, N.S. (2002). Sex differences in human jealousy: a coordinated study of forced- choice, continuous rating-scale, and physiological responses on the same subjects. Evolution and Human Behavior, 23, 83-94.