1. Chapter 9: Research with Inuit, Métis and First Nations Peoples – Balancing Academic and Community Values
Dr. Lynn Lavallée, Ryerson University
Canadian Association of Research Ethics Boards
Saturday, May 1, 2015
Vancouver, BC

2. Honouring the Traditional Territory
Aboriginal values becoming the norm in the academy
Musqueam,
Squamish
Tsleil-Waututh

3. Overview Overview of Chapter 9 Articles
Conflicting values and other issues
Hiring/building capacity
Dissemination
Honoraria for advisors/elders/traditional knowledge keepers
Intellectual property
Recommendations for REBS

4. Community Responses Contributed to Chapter 9
National Aboriginal Health Organization
Ownership
Control
Access
Possession (Schnarch, 2004)
Five R’s from First Nations education +
Respect
Reciprocity
Relationships
Responsibility (Kirness & Barnhardt, 2001)
Relevance (Lorilee McGregor)

5. Community Response www. naho
Community Response
Six Principles of Métis Research (NAHO)
Reciprocal relationships
Respect for individual and collective, autonomy, identity, personal values, gender, confidentiality, practice and protocols
Safe and inclusive environments
Recognize diversity within and between Métis
Relevant, benefit all, accurate, accountable, responsible, acknowledge contribution, protect Métis cultural knowledge
Métis context – history, values, knowledge, etc.

6. Research in the North/Inuit
Association for Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (ACUNS). (2003). Ethical Principles for Conduct of Research in the North. Ottawa.
Aurora Research Institute. (2009). Guide for Research in the Northwest Territories.
Nunavut Research Institute. (2006). Licensing Process. Iqaluit.

7. Canadian Ethics www.pre.ethics.gc.ca
Tri Council Policy Statement – TCPS

8. TCPS Chapter 9
Research Involving the First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples of Canada
2014
22 Articles to help guide researchers and research ethics boards in reviewing research protocols
Application across universities and provinces varies

9. TCPS Chapter 9 Defines who Aboriginal people are
Inuit, Métis and First Nations
Emphasize diversity within groups
Requirement of Community Engagement in Aboriginal Research
On lands
Recruitment criteria including Aboriginal identity
Cultural heritage, artefacts, traditional knowledge
Interpretation of results will refer to
Aboriginal as a variable

10. Challenges
You are collecting demographic data on ethnicity which includes First Nations, Inuit or Métis. Article 9.1(d) of the TriCouncil Policy Statement states that community engagement is required for research in which Aboriginal identity or membership in an Aboriginal community is used as a variable for the purpose of analysis of the research data. While your project is not specific to the Aboriginal community, you are asking a question about Aboriginal identity. If the data you collect allows you to analyze this specific variable and you will be making inferences about Aboriginal people you will be required to engage the Aboriginal community in question prior to publishing such results.

11. Difficult to Assess Chapter 9 Demonstrating engagement
Research agreements (9.11)
Letter of approval
Respect for Governing Authorities
Comples Authority Structures
Diverse Interests
Collaborative Research (9.12)
Respectful relationships
Participatory designs
Difficult to Assess

12. Chapter 9 Community REBs
9.10 – Requirement to Advise on Plan for Community Engagement
Where engagement is not being proposed researchers shall provide a rationale acceptable to the REB
REB member must understand the political identity of specific communities
Mutual benefits (9.13)

13. Chapter 9 Capacity building and strengthen research capacity (9.14)
Hire Aboriginal people
Does your REB assess this?
Recognition of the role of Elders (9.15)
Provide ethical guidance
Paying honoraria – consultant fees!

14. Chapter 9 Interpretation and dissemination of research results (9.17)
Intellectual property (9.18)
Significant challenges
Ideologically different
Indigenous knowledge cannot be intellectual property
Publications & dissemination
REB reviewers look for this in the research agreement!

15. Chapter 9 Biological materials and secondary use (9.19-22)
Secondary use of information or bio materials identifiable as originating from Aboriginal peoples
Linking two or more anonymous datasets or human bio material (avoid another Dr. Ward)

16. Practical Suggestions for REBs
Ask the questions
Modify protocol forms
Engagement, research agreement, dissemination, intellectual property, mutual benefit, building capacity
Does the researcher/s know the community?
Political and cultural identity
Ontario – COO, independents, Métis, Native Women’s (ONWA), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami
Build capacity in REB
How does your REB ensure this expertise?

17. Where do we go from here?
Communities are developing their own research ethics guidelines!

18. Where do we go from here? We are here!
Infiltrate to Transformate the Colonial System

19. Huy tseep q’u
Miigwetch
Thank you