1. Chapter 12
Section 1

2. What is a Volcano?
Opening in the Earth (called a vent) that erupts gases, ash, and lava.
Volcanic mountains result from the build-up of these materials.
The steep walled depression that forms around a vent is called a crater.
There are more than 600 currently active volcanoes.

4. Which is the most active volcano?
Kilauea in Hawaii.
Although Kilauea has been erupting for centuries, the current series of eruptions began in 1983.

6. How do volcanoes form?
Deep inside the Earth, heat and pressure cause rock to melt, forming magma.
Because liquid rock (magma) is less dense than solid rock, it slowly rises, reaching the surface after many thousands of years.

7. Where do volcanoes occur?
Convergent boundaries
Divergent boundaries
Hot spots

8. Where do volcanoes occur?
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Magma flows onto the floor of the ocean at rifts (long, deep cracks in the ocean floor).
Over time the cooled magma (igneous rock) can build up and form islands.
Example:
Iceland – Mid-Atlantic Rift
Surtsey

11. Where do volcanoes occur?
Convergent Boundaries
As the subducting plate is heated by increasing temperature and pressure, it partially melts, forming magma that moves to the surface and usually causes violent eruptions.
Examples:
Mount St. Helen’s – Cascade Mountains

13. Where do volcanoes occur?
Hotspots
Anomalies in the middle of plates where there are large amounts of heat.
Hot spots are stationary whereas the plates above them continue to move.
Examples:
Hawaii
Yellowstone