1. BY Kamran Yousaf Computer Graphics & Animation

2. BY Kamran Yousaf Contents Introduction Usage, Application & Advantages Video Display Devices Output Devices Input Devices Soft wares Graphics in C/C++ (graphics.h) Attributes

3. BY Kamran Yousaf Contents (contd.) DMA Text Processing. Interrupts & Services. Pixel (DMA, Interrupt). Put Char. Line, Rectangle, Polygon, Bar. Circle, Ellipse & Arc. Filling Save Area, Save Screen.

4. BY Kamran Yousaf Contents (contd.) Transformation, Rotation & Scaling. Clipping

5. BY Kamran Yousaf History of Computers (Modern) 1980 XT [DOS] 1990 XT, AT(286, 386) [Win 3.x,OS2] 1995 286, 386SX, 386DX, 486,. 486DX, 486DX2, 486DX4,. Pentium (50~166 MHz). Pentium (166~200 MMX) Windows 95, OS2, WARP Today Pentium I, II, III, IV, Cyrix. Windows 9x, WinNT x Win XP

6. BY Kamran Yousaf Uses of CGA Computer Aided Design ( CAD ) Architecture Animation Virtual Reality Presentation Graphics Reports Slides Transparencies Computer Art Fine Art Commercial Art

7. BY Kamran Yousaf Uses of CGA (contd.) Entertainment Motion Pictures Videos TV Shows Education and Training Students Scientists Visualization Data to visual form

8. BY Kamran Yousaf Uses of CGA (contd.) Image Processing Interpretation Enhancement Graphical User Interface User’s View of Computer WYSIWYG Pointing Device Touch Sensitive

9. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Cathode Ray Tube Electrons from Gun focused by coils to screen coated by Phosphor Luminance

10. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Raster Scan Technique Line by line Television Technology Frame buffer or refresh buffer Double buffering Depth depends on color storing method 32 bit, 24bit, 16 bit, 8bit and 1 bit Bitmap / Pixmap Refresh rate 60~80 Frames / Second or Hz Horizontal Retrace / Vertical Retrace Flickering

11. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Interlacing Enhanced Raster Scan System Horizontal Retrace at end Horizontal Retrace at start of alternate lines Vertical Retrace twice in a frame No Flickering Better Speed Better View

12. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Random Scan Technique Object by Object Refresh display file Display list Display program Refresh buffer Non Realistic Smooth lines Constant Curves

13. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Color Monitors Different color emitting Phosphors Use of same CRT Mixing of Phosphors Beam Penetration Shadow Masking

14. BY Kamran Yousaf Video Display Devices Beam Penetration Random Scan Method Two Layers Red Green Depth decides the color Two Secondary colors Orange / Yellow Bad Quality / Four available colors Speed Slow Red Speed Fast Green