1. Revolutions in the Arts
Ch.8 Sec.4

2. Romanticism
Movement that reflected deep interest both in nature and in the thoughts and feelings of the individual.
Enlightenment idea of reason gave way to this movement in art and ideas.

3. Characteristics Emphasized inner feelings, emotions, and imagination
Focused on mysterious, supernatural, exotic, grotesque, or horrifying
Idealized the past as simpler and nobler time
Glorified heroes and heroic actions
Cherished folk traditions, music, and stories
Valued common people and the individual
Promoted radical change and democracy

4. Romanticism Expressions
Poetry- to romantics poetry was the highest form of expression
Writing- novels, fairytales, and gothic novels
Music- emotion dominated the music produced by romantic composers.
Paintings- depicted romanticism ideas

5. Poetry
British poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge honored nature as the source of truth and beauty
Lord Byron and Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote poems celebrating heroes, love, and the beauty of nature.
“She walks in beauty, like the night
Of cloudless climes and starry skies;
And all that's best of dark and bright
Meet in her aspect and her eyes:
Thus mellow'd to that tender light
Which heaven to gaudy day denies.”
-Lord Byron ( )

6. Writing- Romantics Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Victor Hugo-
Wrote The Sorrows of Young Werther that detailed a man’s hopeless love for a married woman that leads him to suicide.
Victor Hugo-
Wrote romantic works that reflected fascination with history and the individual.
Hunchback of Notre Dame- shows the struggles of individuals against a hostile and oppressive society

7. Writing Fairytales
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm- inspired by romanticism, they collected German fairytales and created a dictionary.
Fairytales were not suitable for children, but have been changed over the years
Little Red Riding Hood
Hansel and Gretel

8. Writing- Gothic Novels
Gothic horror stories that took place in medieval Gothic castles.
Filled with fearful, violent, and supernatural events
Mary Shelley wrote one of the earliest and most successful gothic horror stories......Frankenstein!

9. Music
Composers moved away from the tightly controlled, formal compositions of the Enlightenment period.
They celebrated heroism and national pride as music became part of middle-class life
Guiseppe Verdi and Richard Wagner brought European opera to a dramatic and theatrical high point.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Went from classical to romantic compositions
Ninth Symphony soars, celebrating freedom, dignity, and the triumph of the human spirit.

10. Paintings
In their eagerness to explore emotion, romantic artists had certain favorite subjects: nature, love, religion, and nationalism
Eugene Delacroix

11. Realism Mid 19th century was affected by rapid industrialization.
Growing class of industrial workers lived grim lives in dirty, crowded cities.
Industrialization made romantic dreams pointless.
In literature and visual arts, realism showed life as it was, not as it should be.

12. Realism- Photography
Technological advancements allowed for mass distribution of photos that gained a wide audience.

13. Realism-Writing
Depicted actual events in life that would allow more details to be revealed.
Charles Dickens
Described London’s working poor.
Emile Zola
Novels exposed miseries of French workers in small shops, factories, and coal mines.
Shock readers and sparked reforms of labor laws in France

14. Realism-Paintings Painters portrayed everyday life as it was
Gustave Courbet
The Stone Breakers

15. Impressionism
Beginning in the 1860s, painters in Paris reacted to the realist style.
Tried to show their impression of a subject or moment in time.
Used pure, shimmering colors to capture a moment seen at a glance.

16. Impressionism-Paintings
Showed a more positive view of urban society
Instead of abused workers, they showed shop clerks and dock workers enjoying themselves
Claude Monet

17. Impressionism-Music
Composers used different combinations of instruments, tone patterns, and music structures to make listens feel the mood.
Ex: feel a warm summer day, or the sight of the sea
Composers- Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy