1. Radiation Effects On Humans Radiation Effects On Humans By: Vanessa Madera & Chandra Worley By: Vanessa Madera & Chandra Worley

2. Outline House Hold Appliances Benefits/Dangers R.E.M.s Types of Radiation Risks of Low-Level Radiation Additional Cancer Deaths Per 10,000 Persons References Conclusion Any Questions

3. House Hold Appliances Most common amps: 200-400 Electricity supply: 110-120 volts Nominal Values: 127 volts

4. House Hold Appliances Cont… Homes have a three wire service Two hot wires, one neutral wire Circuit connected to one hot wire: 120 volts If connected to two hot wires: 240 volts

5. Benefits/Dangers  Cosmic radiation: 3x’s stronger @ an altitude of 3,048 m (10,000 ft) than at sea level by 20%

6. Benefits/Dangers Cont…  90% of radiation exposure from man-made sources in U.S.: medical and dental x-rays  Other 10%: nuclear weapon testing, nuclear power productions, radios, luminous dial watches, and color T.V.s

7. R.E.M.s  R.E.M.: radiation equivalent man, measure of biological effectiveness  In U.S. cosmic radiation doses: 38- 75 millirems  R.E.M.: radiation equivalent man, measure of biological effectiveness  In U.S. cosmic radiation doses: 38- 75 millirems  Average whole body doses from natural radiation: at least 0.1 rem per year  “Average…”: about seven rems per lifetime

8. Types Of Radiation  Two main types of radiation  Cosmic radiation: comes from outer space  Terrestrial radiation: comes from radioactive materials i.e. uranium & thorium from inside of the earth

9. Risks of Low-Level radiation

10. Additional cancer deaths per 10,000 persons Source:Cancer death per 10,000 persons cGy BEIR (1972)1.17-6.2 UNSCEAR (1977)0.7-1.7 ICRP (1977)1.25 BEIR (1980)1.5-5 Charles et al. (1983)1.0-4.4 Preston + Pearce (1987)5.8-18 UNSCEAR (1988)4.2-11 BEIR V (1990)5.4-12.4 Nussbaum + Kohnlein (1990)25

11. Conclusions Two types of radiation 90% of radiation comes from x-rays Radiation is measured in R.E.M.s Homes have a three wire system Two types of radiation 90% of radiation comes from x-rays Radiation is measured in R.E.M.s Homes have a three wire system

12. G THE END G ANY QUESTIONS

13. References Dinah Moche, 1979, radiation:benfits/dangers, 83 pgs, Franklin watts, new york/london/toronto. Physics matters electric current, ser., volume 7, scholastics, New York. Physics matters electric charges, ser., volume 6, scholastics, New York. Edwards, R., Risks from low-level radiation reassessed, http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Accessed June 5, 2006. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Kohnlein, W., Risks Estimates of Low-Level Radiation, http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html, Accessed June 5, 2006 http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html, Dinah Moche, 1979, radiation:benfits/dangers, 83 pgs, Franklin watts, new york/london/toronto. Physics matters electric current, ser., volume 7, scholastics, New York. Physics matters electric charges, ser., volume 6, scholastics, New York. Edwards, R., Risks from low-level radiation reassessed, http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Accessed June 5, 2006. http://www.newscientist.com/article.ns?id=dn6550, Kohnlein, W., Risks Estimates of Low-Level Radiation, http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html, Accessed June 5, 2006 http://www.foe.arc.net.au/kohnlein/kohnpaper.html,