1. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 1 European perspectives for the ILC Brian Foster Oxford Specific examples of ongoing work from collaborations and major countries Summary ILC@KEK Nov. 13 th, 2004 General outline of ILC-related collaboration in Europe. Important areas for future work

2. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 2 Euro Collaborations TESLA (wider than Europe alone) Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe EuroTeV - LC research programme UK Linear Collider Accelerator & Beam Delivery LCABD – PPARC & CCLRC-funded European XFEL

3. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 3 TESLA 55 Institutes in 12 countries (43 institutes 9 countries in Europe). Successful (ever growing) collaboration for over a decade. Responsible for developing SCRF to the point where it is a viable option for a Linear Collider. TESLA collaboration continues to evolve: - no longer a collaboration focused on ILC; - many institutes interested in ‘technology’ (for light sources, ERL etc.); - ‘mission’ now to advance SCRF technology (main customers: XFEL, ILC, Proton Driver…)

4. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 4 TESLA TTF Significant (currently unique) infrastructure (~140 M€ investment)

5. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 5 TESLA TTF Facilities: Cavity preparation Clean rooms HP rinsing facility EP facility Test stands: Vertical test cryostat (low power) Horizontal test stand (CHECHIA, high-power) Module test stand (end 2005) 800 MeV LINAC (TTF2) Complete systems testing VUV-FEL user facility (currently being commissioned) 30% dedicated beam time for ILC R&D.

6. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 6 ACC 2 & ACC 3 TTF2 Commissioning VUV FEL User Facility: linac Commissioning done; beam established to dump without major delay; SASE FEL Comm. is starting. RF gun 400 MeV 120 MeV 800 MeV ACC 1 ACC 2 ACC 3 ACC 4 ACC 5 4 MeV TESLA like tunnel for ACC 6 & ACC 7 Second Bunch Compressor ACC 4 & ACC 5

7. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 7 Euro XFEL German government Feb. 2003 gave go-ahead for XFEL as European project, incl. funding 50% of total 684 M€ (year 2000) project cost, + contribution from Länder HH & Schleswig-Holstein. ~ 40% required from European Partners. Project currently being organised at European Level (scientific/tech. & admin./financial) ongoing - to be completed by 2005. In Sep. 2004, 9 European countries decided to sign MoU for project preparation phase.

8. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 8 Euro XFEL Synergy 4th generation SR user facility with SASE-FEL concept in the 1 – 64 Angstrom wavelength and 100fs (→ < 1fs) pulse length regime. In first stage, 3 SASE & 2 spontaneous undulator beam lines, 10 experimental stations. Driver: 1.5km linac in TESLA technology, 20GeV beam energy @ gradient of 23MV/m. 120 accelerator modules (~ 1000 cavities) and ~35 RF stations to be produced by industry. ~15 M€ R&D on LINAC TECH. (including Infrastructure); ~40 DESY FTE.

9. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 9 Euro XFEL Synergy Some examples of ongoing work relevant to ILC: Qualification of 3 vendors (Eu., US and J) for 10 MW MBK production (2004 – 2005); Industrial studies & prototypes for horizontal klystron/tunnel installation (2005 – 2006). Involve industry in string & module assembly: 3 industrial studies; Industrial studies for RF coupler fabrication (procurement & tests of prototypes at LAL/Orsay); Improvement of tuner design incl. piezo (Coll. CEA/Saclay); Further experience with EP treatment, improve statistics for cavities with 800C/not 1400C baking. Build up module test stand (1st test candidate will be Module#6 with 35MV/m cavities) → end of 2005. Develop & test cold BPMs (coll. CEA/Saclay).

10. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 10 CARE CARE is EU FP6-funded programme on Coordinated Accelerator Research in Europe. It is a very broad programme, incorporating e.g. work on SC high-intensity proton linacs, high-field magnet development, etc. Here we are concerned only with those elements directly related to ILC. The most relevant workpackage is on SCRF. Here there are 11 institutions involved: DESY, CEA/DSM/DAPNIA, CNRS-IN2P3-Orsay, INFN Legnaro, Milano, Roma2, Frascati, Paul Scherrer Institute, Technical University of Lodz, Warsaw University of Technology, IPJ Swierk. Budget is 19 M€ over 4 years, incorporating ~44 FTE. There is significant overlap with TESLA / TTF / XFEL.

11. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 11 CARE CARE SCRF activities include: Improved Standard Cavity Fabrication; Seamless Cavity Production; Thin Film Cavity Production; Surface Preparation - EP, dry ice; Material Analysis: Scanning; Input coupler; Cold tuners; Low Level RF (LLRF); Cryostat Integration Tests; Beam Diagnostics (BD); Hydroforming Dry-ice cleaning Coupler design (industrialisation) Cold tuner development Improvements in EP

12. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 12 EuroTeV programme also EU FP6 funded. It is purely concerned with LC – generic matters of use both to ILC and CLIC. Focussing on ITRP R2 items. Will form part of European Design Team. Beam Delivery System Damping Rings Diagnostics Metrology & Stabilisatio n Global Accelerator Network Integrated Luminosity Performance Studies Polarised Positron Source Scientific coordination from CERN & DESY

13. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 13 EuroTeV 27 institutes participate: HU Berlin, Birmingham, Bristol, Cambridge, CCLRC, CEA, CERN, Darmstadt, DESY, Elettra, FHI-IGD, GSI, LAL, INFN-Frascati, Lancaster, LAPP, Liverpool, Manchester, Mannheim, Oxford, PSI, QMUL, RHUL, Rostock, UCL, Udine, Uppsala Total Budget is 27.6 M€, of which EU contribution is 9 M€. Funds 110 FTE, of which 30 are new posts funded by EU. Expect to align detailed activities within GDE context over next few months. There is some flexibility – but we are contractually obliged to deliver on whatever we finally define. Mostly Accelerator-Physics-related R&D. Little effort included for major engineering – i.e. actually building a major accelerator facility.

14. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 14 UK LC-ABD Abertay, B’ham, Bristol, Cambridge, CCLRC(DL & RAL), Durham, Lancaster, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, QMUL, RHUL, UCL working on coordinated beam-delivery system project. Also two new Accelerator Institutes, Cockroft & Adams, playing major role. Lattice design: Xing angle, extraction, interaction region, collimation optimising optics designs w. DESY, Saclay, Orsay …. Beam transport: damping ring to dump, halo modelling, backgrounds developing integrated simulations w. DESY, SLAC, LBL … Instrumentation: laserwire, longit. profile, polarimetry, E-spectrometry building prototype devices + beam tests w. DESY, KEK, SLAC … Alignment: LiCAS FSI automated survey system, active stabilisation building prototype survey-car system w. DESY Beam feedback/control: FONT fast (intra-train) FB system building prototype kickers, amplifiers, BPMs + beam tests w. SLAC, KEK Positron source undulator, crab cavity, collimators: building + testing prototypes / design study / materials simulations+tests Three-year progamme; 41 post-doc physicists + technical staff + graduate students + 23 new posts (20 now filled). 15 M€ programme; significant overlap with EuroTeV – ~ 2/3 of staff in EuroTeV – to which UK is biggest contributor. Committed to produce list of concrete deliverables.

15. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 15 Other UK interests RF system components: industrial interest in engineering prototypes of klystrons, modulators, couplers. Nb cavity&module assembly + system tests: synergy with 4GLS project. Damping ring design: long experience from SRS to DIAMOND/4GLS; synergy with Diamond 3rd gen light source. Diagnostics, feedback, control: BPMs, charge monitors, FB etc. beyond BDS - SRS, Diamond experience Electron source: RF photocathode: synergy with 4GLS. Long experience with lasers in many applications. Vacuum science & general beam dynamics: electron cloud, NEG pumping etc. CDR&TDR production will require LOTS of generic accel. engineering expertise– of which UK has much.

16. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 16 10 France in CARE WP1 Coordination : LAL (8 m  m) WP5 Electropolishing : DAPNIA (85 m  m) WP7 Couplers : LAL (258 m  m) WP8 Tuning systems : DAPNIA (16 m  m), IPNO (24 m  m) WP10 CRYHOLAB tests: DAPNIA (66 m  m), IPNO+LAL (36 m  m) WP11 Beam position monitor : DAPNIA (58 m  m) 5 7 8 11

17. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 17 France in EuroTeV WP1 Coordination : LAPP (6 m  m) WP2 BDS Optics+ Quadrupole Nb3Sn : DAPNIA (73 m  m) WP5 Polarimetry : LAL (156 m  m) WP6 Machine-detector Interface : LAL (96 m  m) WP7 Alignment and stabilisation : LAPP (144 m  m) 1 5 6 7

18. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 18 France other Horizontal test cryostat CRYHOLAB Industrialisation of couplers and study of new prototypes. High gradient cavity R&D. Beam physics @ TTF2 Total of 10 extra FTEs – and longer term studies on: SC magnets (solenoid, final doublet - laser backscattering for γγ-collider - reliability studies (synergy with ADS)

19. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 19 Italy – INFN & TESLA Cryomodules, Cavities and Ancillaries R&D, Construction and Commissioning Cost Optimization and Industrial Studies Damping Rings - Layout and Engineering Design Cost Optimization and Industrial Studies Ultra-fast Multi-frequency RF Kickers Beam Diagnostics: OTR, DF, Bunch Length Photocathode preparation and handling

20. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 20 Italy – INFN for ILC INFN has had a Special Project on R&D for Future Accelerators, NTA, for 12 years. Major Financed Activities: TTF, TESLA, CTF3 Average Budget: 2 M€ / y INFN Staff dedicated: > 30 m / y INFN Paricipate in CARE and EUROTeV Leads 1 JRA and several WPs 15 staff/y dedicated + 15 m/y from EU INFN Participate in EU and OECD Programs for ADS (Accelerator Driven Systems), based on TESLA Technology - Accelerator Design Reliability/Availabitity Analysis SC Cavities, Cryomodules and Ancillaries

21. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 21 CERN R&D on generic key issues independent of technology: -Participation in EUROTeV, CARE and ELAN network -R&D on Beam dynamics, Beam diagnostics, BDS, Ecloud….. Resources: 2.3 MEur. Material + 25 staff-y + 20 fellows-y = 6.75 MEur. total Additional key issue common to ILC and CLIC (not funded): Multi-Beam Klystrons with long RF pulse aiming for very high efficiency (80%) (novel scheme based on RF cavities with high order modes) Tests with beam in CTF3 Test facility: Beam instrumentation and benchmarking of beam simulation codes. Beam combination as possible DR injection/extraction with RF transv. cavities

22. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 22 CERN Participation in R&D on low-emittance generation @ ATF/KEK. Available expertise on superconducting technology; Large scale cryogenics systems (8*18kW @ 4.5K and 8*2.4kW @ 1.8K in LHC) comparable to ILC (industrialisation, costing…..) Nb-coated Copper SC cavities (LEP2 352 MHz and 1.5 GHz high gradient R&D)

23. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 23 Spain & Russia Spain has contributed to SC magnets for TTF and XFEL and has also looked at optics design and collimation systems. They plan to look at corrector magnets, kickers and septum and RF structures for CTF3 and optics design, beam dynamic simulation and instrumentation in the spent beam line (MDI) and very forward detector region from 2005. Russia has a long-standing interest in ILC-related issues – from INP in Novosibirsk on (polarized) positron production, storage rings, final focus, accelerator structures, etc. They expect to expand this participation as the needs of the ILC and the GDI become better defined.

24. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 24 Project Timelines 2006200720082015 CDR TDR GDE process construction commissioning physics EUROTeV preparation 2010 2012 construction operation 2005 CARE EURO XFEL ILC UK LC-ABD

25. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 25 Important issues for GDI Main LINAC is still the biggest challenge: Cost driver; complexity; reliability; sheer number of components Priority must go now to Engineering! QA/QC cavity production → 35MV/m. Design / testing of tuner(s), couplers, etc. - Test facilities for long-term reliability testing. Qualification of klystrons / Modulators INDUSTRIALISATION - Cost reduction All other sub-system design (inc. parameter specifications) can run in parallel. Linac tech. is a building block which is quite flexible At all design consideration stages, $$-impact must be included. The number of ILC meetings is proliferating. This is good! However, we risk drowning in meetings. Until GDI is working, we need someone to be responsible for optimally coordinating meetings. We should agree this by the end of this meeting.

26. Brian Foster - ILC@KEK 26 Summary There is a lot of work going on in Europe either directly on, or closely related to, the ILC. Much of that work is carried out in the context of large multinational collaborations, which are often relatively inflexible and have well defined deliverables and milestones. The total European resource relevant for ILC R&D over the next 3 years is ~100M€. Europe is conscious of the need to work out structures by which resources can be devoted to issues the GDI identifies as critical. We have identified several areas of the current designs on the table where work is needed; we believe that in some we have the necessary resources and expertise to play a leading role. We look forward to implementing the GDI and taking the next steps to the realisation of the ILC as rapidly as possible.