1. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. Chapter 9 Challenges of Global Health

2. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 2 Global Health World comprised of more than 200 nations and 6.4 billion people 10 million children under age 5 die each year from preventable diseases 580,000 women die each year due to maternal health-related problems

3. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 3 Global Health Health –Social, economic, political issue, and a fundamental human right Globalization –Process of increasing economic, political, and social independence across boundaries

4. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 4 Global Nursing Shortage Shortage of nurses is a worldwide problem Nurses are migrating to richer countries

5. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 5 Global Nursing Shortage U.S. nurses face the following: –Stressful work environment –Unsafe work conditions Mandatory overtime –Increased number of acutely ill –Burnout

6. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 6 Global Perspective Public health nurses need to understand concept of one world –Focus on local community and global situation –Understand treaties and declarations that impact global communities

7. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 7 Global Perspective “Health For All” (WHO) –Developed more than 20 years ago –Called for “Health For All” by 2000

8. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 8 Global Perspective People’s Health Assembly (WHO) –Purpose: Create a global, multi-sect group of caring people from all nations –Governments failed to invest sufficient resources

9. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 9 Global Perspective Corporate Globalization –People’s Charter for Health –People’s Health Movement

10. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 10 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing American Public Health Association –Approved a set of principles on public health and human rights All are equal in dignity and rights Entitled to enjoyment of rights without discrimination

11. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 11 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing Highest standard of health requires respect for all human rights –Right to health and access to culturally competent care –Rights must not be sacrificed to achieve public health goals, except in extraordinary circumstance

12. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 12 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing Active collaboration of public health and human rights workers is necessary to advance purpose

13. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 13 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) –Consisted of 30 articles –Recognized every person’s right to equal dignity

14. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 14 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing Article 25 most important to public health nurses –All people have the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of an individual and their family –Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance

15. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 15 Human Rights and Public Health Nursing United Nations Covenant on Civil and Political Rights –Negative Rights United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights –Positive Rights

16. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 16 Millennium Development Goals UN sponsored –Represents 189 countries’ pledge to do the following by 2015: Eradicate extreme hunger and poverty Universal education for boys and girls Promote gender equality

17. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 17 Millennium Development Goals Reduce child mortality –Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases –Ensure environmental sustainability –Global partnership

18. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 18 Millennium Development Goals Progress UN evaluated in 2005 –Little progress made U.S. far from goals –Rank 11 th for children living in poverty –Rank 16 th for living standards among poorest of children

19. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 19 Millennium Development Goals Progress U.S. far from goals –Rank 16 th in getting children out of poverty –Rank last in protection against gun violence –Rank 18 th in the income gap between poor and rich children –Rank 21 st in 8 th grade math scores

20. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 20 Public Health Nurses Response Need to go beyond their boundaries Develop a global perspective Become politically active at all levels

21. Copyright © 2008 Delmar. All rights reserved. 21 Public Health Nurses Response Need to increase their knowledge base regarding: – Public policy International treaties –Social and economic standing