1. Canada-China Clean Energy Initiative & Annual Workshop Department of Mechanical Engineering & Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Advanced Research in Hybrid Electric Marine Propulsion Modelling and Design Tiffany Jaster, B.Eng, M.Sc, tjaster@uvic.ca Kevin Anderson and Zuomin Dong

2. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Marine Research at UVic UVic Green Vehicle/Transportation Research Specializations – Advanced Powertrain/Propulsion System Modeling Tools – Optimal Design and Real-time Optimal Control System – Energy Management Systems Marine Engineering Research and Development – Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis – Wave Energy Conversion – Tidal Turbines

3. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Advance of Hybrid Powertrain Technology Series/Parallel/BAS → THS → 2-Mode → Multi-Regime → Advanced S/P with ROC GM 2-Mode Low-cost HEV: Generation II BAS Toyota THS 2014 Honda Accord S/P PHEV UVic EcoCAR2 Multi- Mode/Regime Real-time Optimal Control Advanced Series/Parallel Real-time Optimal Control UVic EcoCAR1 Volt

4. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Model and Optimization Based Design

5. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Adaptation of MOBD to Marine Hybrid Electric Propulsion Design Development of Integrated Time-Domain Simulation Platform Ship Motion Dynamics Representation with 6 DOF Models Propulsion System Dynamics with High Fidelity Multi-Physics Models Electrical Power System Models Ship Controllers and Energy Management Optimization Propeller ModelShip Dynamics ModelPowertrain Model CONTROLLER

6. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Hydrodynamic Modelling Unified Seakeeping and Maneuvering Approach to Vessel Modelling – Use Resistance Coefficients generated from CFD and other data sources – Rigid Body Dynamics Approach Sum of Forces Acting Hydrostatic Forces Hydrodynamic Forces Wave Radiation/Diffraction and Added Mass Inertial Effects Use of ShipMo3D and WAMIT Time Domain Simulation and Visualization Direct DLL Link Between Simulink and ProteusDS Rigid Body Forces

7. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Integration of Design Tools Simulink Multi-Physics Development Tools Mechanical Systems 1. dSPACE Diesel ASM  Diesel Engine Model  Exhaust After-Treatment Modelling 2. SimDriveLine  Parallel Drive Systems  Gearboxes  Clutches  Propeller Shafts  RADs Electrical Systems 1. SimPowerSystems  Electric Machines  Inverters  Micro-Grid Components  Energy Storage Propellers and Thrusters 1.OpenProp  Lifting Line Propeller Analysis Code  Propulsion Optimization 2. Meta-Model Development ShipMo3D WAMIT Computational Fluid Dynamics Ship Motion and Dynamics 1. MSS Toolbox  6DOF Models from Hydrodynamic Programs WAMIT and ShipMo3D  Ship Controller Models

8. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Green Ship: Hybrid Propulsion System

9. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Green Ship: Modeling and Simulation Ship Open Water Drag Subsystem Wave/Current Resistance Subsystem

10. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Green Ship: Mild vs. 30% ESS Assist 30% ESS Assist HEV Mode: Power Contributions Mild HEV Mode: Power Contributions Supervisory Mode Control ON Generator 1 -> 2Generator 2 -> 3 Mild30% ESS AssistMild30% ESS Assist 193.5 kW258 kW387 kW451.5 kW OFF Generator 2 -> 1Generator 3 -> 2 172 kW344 kW Generator Stop/Start Tables

11. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Study of Short-Cross Ferries for Hybridization Motivations Consistent operational load profiles ideal for application of offline optimization techniques for component sizing and control Well defined load cycles for energy storage system life prediction Models can be tuned to produce based on existing ship data and hot swap architecture option Incremental scale from successful commercial EV bus applications using frequent rapid-charge technology Target small vehicle ferries with favorable travel-to-berth time

12. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Rapid-Charge EV Architecture with Backup DC GRID DC Hybrid Rapid-Charge Energy Storage System MECHANICAL PATHS ELECTRICAL PATHS

13. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Information Gathering Data Acquisition (Phase 1) Measure diesel ECU output load profile over daily sailing schedule Measure genset power output over daily sailing schedule Create overall energy use load profile for full electrification load demands

14. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Economic and Technological Factors for Plug-In Ship Electrification Feasibility Charge/Discharge Rates Images taken from “Status of Lithium Batteries Using Lithium Titanate Based Anode” from Altairnano Battery Cycling and Economic Life Rapid-Charging Infrastructure

15. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Future Work Conduct data acquisition of additional K-Class ferries to build database of operating cycles and probabilistic models Extend load profile and powertrain studies to harbour tugs Develop integrated modelling platform for streamlined hybrid-electric marine propulsion system design, analysis and optimization Build local, national, and international industry partnerships for joint-research and feasibility studies

16. Department of Mechanical Engineering Institute for Integrated Energy Systems Thank you!