1. Frank Jansen DLR (German Aero Space Center) Institute of Space Systems, Bremen, Germany e-mail: frank.jansen@dlr.de From the Astrophysics and Solar Physics of CR Variations towards Aspects of SSA in Europe and at DLR in Bremen

2. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 DLR Institute of Space Systems, Bremen established 26 January 2007, starting from scratch today: more than 120 staffs Concepts Development and evaluation of concepts for space missions with high visibility on national and international level. Processing and generation of fundamental information for political decisions regarding the national and international astronautics strategy. New Applications and Technologies Space based applications and technologies for scientific, commercial and security relevant needs. Realization in cooperation with research institutions and industry. Education Support of education at universities in space system engineering (student projects etc.). Views on u-shaped building of DLR Institute of Space Systems in Bremen including new laboratory building and drop tower.

3. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 Content 1) From Space Weather Feasibility Studies towards SSA in Europe (ESA, EC, DLR / Germany and others) 2) DLR Institute of Space Systems and SSA - GMDN (5 telescopes in ViSpaNet), - ViSpaNet (Virtual Space weather Network of space systems), - SSA satellites, - SWON (Space Weather Observation Network) and - AsteroidFinder satellite

4. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 1) SSA – Space Situational Awareness Program in Europe Domains: Space Weather Space Debris Near Earth Objects (NEOs, NEAs, IEOs) Radar EISCATESA SSA Radar

5. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 European Space Policy (ESP) im White Paper (2003) Implementation of European Space Policy (ESP) via ESA Space Situational Awareness (SSA) programme (2008 – 2018) ESA Ministerial Conference 25 - 26 November 2008: SSA domains: Space Weather, Space Debris, NEOs Next ESA Ministerial Conference in 2012 (SSA comparable with GALILEO?)! New Space Strategy of the German Government from December 2010 (Sun, Space Weather, Space Debris, NEOs very often mentioned) 1) Towards SSA: Space Weather => Politics

6. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 Only on page 17 of 59, but starting point for SSA in Europe. 1) Towards SSA: EC Space Weather => ESA Politics

7. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 IP/11/398 Brussels, 4 April 2011 A new space policy for Europe: Independence, competitiveness and citizen’s quality of life… Improving the safety and daily lives of European citizens thanks to radio navigation, guiding tractors by satellite for high-yield crops, optimizing response to humanitarian crisis… This is not science fiction but just a few examples of innovations related to space technologies developed today… = > Protect space infrastructures against space debris, solar radiation and asteroids by setting-up a European Space Situation Awareness (SSA) system… In addition for example: 1)BBK (Federal Office of Civil Protection and Disaster Assistance) in Bonn: publication like – space weather as a new challenge for civil protection? 2)German Space Situational Awarneness Centre in Uedem (German AirForce+DLR) 1) Towards SSA: Space Weather => Politics

8. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 1) Towards SSA: Code of Conduct for Space Debris

9. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 SSA and security aspects: - publications from JAPCC (Joint Air Power Competence Centre) located in Germany - NATO Research & Technology Organisation (RTO) activities related to the ionosphere (2006) and space environment support to NATO SSA (during solar maximum up to 2013 (see under http://www.rta.nato.int/activities.aspx?RestrictPanel=SCI )) 1) Towards SSA: Space Weather and RTO

10. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 1) Examples of Activities (some related to SSA) at DLR Bremen GMDN, AsteroidFinder, REX-FF, AISat, BEXUS / REXUS, CEF, DLR School_Lab

11. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) Towards GMDN (MuSTAnG telescope)

12. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 Towards SSA in Europe: First European SW Telescope MuSTanG (2004-2006) 2) Towards GMDN (MuSTAnG telescope)

13. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 Towards SSA in Europe: First European SW Telescope MuSTanG (2004-2006) Funded by: GMDN (Global Muon Detector Network) is like a cosmic ray radar. 2) Towards GMDN (MuSTAnG telescope)

14. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) Towards GMDN (MuSTAnG telescope) Strongly supported by Prof. Munakata and the entire GMDN consortium.

15. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) GMDN CME Data August 2011 DLR Bremen data processing: NST, HST, KPC, SMST, GST

16. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) GMDN CME Data August 2011 DLR Bremen data processing: NST, HST, KPC, SMST, GST GMDN will be a use case in the new ESA ViSpaNeT (Virtual Space weather Applications Network of Tools)!

17. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) ViSpaNet (Virtual Space weather Network of space systems) ViSpaNet (to be opened at the beginning of 2012, wsdl): -22 use cases for s/c operators/designers, model developers and scientific community -analysis, nowcast, forecast/predict and real time monitoring and -user can smoothly continue to work

18. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) SSA satellites - NanoSat

19. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) SSA satellite with Medipix detector Proposed to ESA in 2010 by DLR Bremen within Kayser-Threde consortium.

20. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 - Proposal for a SSA (Space Situational Awareness) satellite - This space weather and space debris orientated SSA satellite was proposed to have all necessary electromagnetic wave, particle and imaging instruments and telescopes. 2) SSA satellite with Medipix detector

21. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 BEXUS / Medipix ballon flight (J. Urbar) 1 X-rays & low energy electrons 2 gamma rays & electrons 3 high energy electrons 4 short range ions 5 long range ions 6 massive interacting particles 2) SSA satellite with Medipix detector

22. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) Space Weather Observation Network (SWON) -combining solar & asteroid science with space weather: landing with a fleet of s/c on asteroid (IEO) behind the Sun (now: see paper IAC-11-D5.3.3 Maiwald, Weiß, Jansen) -CEF DLR Bremen: for instance - technology demonstration of solar-dynamic power generators, s/c: ~ 250 kg, payload: 1.5 kg, 2.5 W (FGM, particle+Γ+X+EUV monitor/telescope (Medipix), small optical camera) => 28 days solar originated space weather forecast time

23. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) Space Weather Observation Network (SWON) table: 10 know IEOs => fig.: angles between Earth and IEO asteroid as a function of time during a period of future solar maximum (2024 – 2026, passing Sun directly opposite Earth)

24. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 2) Space Weather Observation Network (SWON) fig.: rendezvous trajectories targeting 2006 KZ 39 (right) and 2004 XZ 130 (left) red - Earth’s orbit, blue - asteroid’s orbit, green – s/c trajectory with vectors for thrust direction Main result: optimization provides a rendezvous with 2004 XZ 130 for late December 2024 Participants?

25. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 29 March 2006 Antalya: total eclipse 2) Asteroids: DLR Bremen AsteroidFinder (AF) Venus with +4.6 m Not asteroids between Mars and Jupiter but with AF: Inner Earth Asteroids (IEOs) down to visuell magnitude of -18.0 m => asteroids with magnitude 1.2x10 -9 lower than maximal Venus magnitude in a solar distance of about ±60° 3 observations: new IEO STEREO: IEO 3200Phaethon with -10…12.5 m

26. Ottawa / La Petite Rouge, 17 – 19 October 2011 3) Summary 1) Processing 5 GMDN telescope data 2) Experiences with building (hardware, electronics, software) and running MuSTAnG telescope (plus 4 other telescopes) with space weather user orientated displays 3) GMDN within SSA, ESA ViSpaNet and others 4) future: Satellite „GMDN“ (CME imaging via CR imaging Medipix telescope) 5) future: SWON 6) nearby future: AsteroidFinder