2.  What was the German plan to win the war? How did it work? Did it work?  What were the four long term causes of World War I?  New York City has billionaires living in huge apartments, and homeless people living on the streets. Does this make our society unfair? Explain.

3.  1. How did Nicholas II’s father fail him?  2. What rank did Nicholas obtain in the military?  3. Did Nicholas feel ready to take the throne in 1894? Explain.  4. What happened at his coronation?  5. Identify all of his children by name.  6. Who was the most important child? Why were they concerned about this child?

4. Nicholas II

5.  Nicholas II (1894-1917)  Capital – St. Petersburg  As czar, his focus was to maintain his empire rather than conquer new territory.  Lost some territory in a conflict with Japan

6.  Sunday, January 5, 1905 - a group of peaceful protesters demonstrated for better working conditions.  Nicholas responded with military force, killing over 1,000 people which became known as Bloody Sunday.

7. Drawing of Bloody Sunday in Russia

8.  Russia entered WWI.  Performed poorly so Nicholas II left St. Petersburg to led the war effort (1915-1917).  Russia endured many losses, suffered extreme poverty and high inflation.

9.  Left government to his wife, Czarina Alexandra (originally from Germany)  Czarina was influenced by Rasputin – helping her son Alexei  Rasputin was killed by the nobles

10. Rasputin

11.  February 1917 – riots and strikes throughout Russia; soldiers mutinied against Nicholas.  March 15, 1917 - Nicholas gave up throne.

13.  1. The “common” people (95% of the population) had been oppressed for over 300+ years.  Due to WWI, food & fuel were in short supply – bread riots and strikes were common.

14. Russian Revolution - 1917

15.  2. The Bolshevik workers party was able to seize control with Lenin as leader on October 24, 1917;  Lenin designed a socialist government; called his party the Communist Party.  July, 1918 – Nicholas II and his family were murdered by the Bolsheviks. WHY?

16. Lenin – Russian Revolution

17.  Lenin moved capital back to Moscow. WHY?  1922 gave Russia a new named - USSR  Communism continued until 1991.