1. DISINFECTION & STERILIZATION
Jana Dáňová
Dept. of epidemiology
Third Faculty of Medicine

2. INTRODUCTION
disinfection and sterilization are essential for ensuring that medical and surgical instruments do not transmit infectious pathogens to patients.
because sterilization of all patient-care items is not necessary, health-care policies must identify, primarily on the basis of the items' intended use, whether cleaning, disinfection, or sterilization is indicated.

3. STERILIZATION
Sterilization describes a process that destroys or eliminates all forms of microbial life and is carried out in health-care facilities by physical or chemical methods

4. EPIDEMIOLOGIC APPROACH FOCUSED TO PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF DISEASES
main task decontamination → process focused to killing or removing of microorganisms from subjects and environment
degree of efficiency sanitation (mechanical cleaning) and higher degree disinfection and sterilization

5. DISINFECTION, DISINSECTION, DERATISATION (DDD)
main steps leading to protection of human health
working conditions → protection against infectious agents (bacterial, viral), vectors, rodents etc.

6. DISINFECTION
Regular protective disinfection → part of basic technological and occupational methods as a protection against infectious diseases
Special protective disinfection → specific type of protection focused to elimination of infectious diseases, vectors, animal reservoir etc.

7. PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR PROTECTIVE DISINFECTION
They can use only licenced substances by public health authorities
List of these agents are published in special register

8. STERILIZATION
Process leading to killing all microorganisms (bacterial, viral, including spors, worms and their eggs)
Sterilisation is realized in special instruments = sterilizing box (sterilizer)
As a sterile are labeled all objects without alive microorganisms

9. PREPARATION BEFORE STERILIZATION
methods used before sterilization
cleaning of all objects used in health care
package of these objects before sterilization to sterilizational envelope

10. PREPARATION BEFORE STERILIZATION
disinfection → heat 90 oC /10 min. or termochemical 60 oC/ 20 min.
cleaning → important before sterilization

11. TYPES OF STERILIZATION
Physical: steam
hot- air
plasma
radiational
Chemical: formaldehyde
ethylenoxide

12. INSTRUMENTS BEFORE STERILIZATION

13. CENTRAL STERILIZATION

14. CONTROL OF STERILIZATION
Monitoring of cycle of sterilization
Effectivness of sterile boxes
Sterile control of materials

15. DISINFECTION
methods leading to destroy microorganisms by physical, chemical or combined techniques to interrupt mode of transmission to susceptible person

16. METHODS OF DISINFECTION
Physical disinfection
Physical – chemical disinfection
Chemical disinfection

17. Physical disinfection Physical-chemical disinfection
Boiling for 30 min.
Washing and cleaning machines by 60 oC
Alkalies
Boiling in pressure containers 20 min.
Steamformaldehyde box
Acids
Boiling by temerature
90 o C /10 min.
Oxidants
UV radiation
Halogens
Compounds of methals
Alcohols and ethers
Aldehyds
Combined

18. CONTROL OF DISINFECTION
chemical methods: quantitative a qualitative measurements
microbiological methods: control of effectivness of disinfectious materials

19. FREQUENCY OF DISINFECTION
according type of helath care facility
character of disinfection is part of operating rules of the healt care facility
usage of disinfectious methods control Ministry of Health

20. CLEANING OF HANDS
mechanical washing hands as a part of personal hygiene→ removing of microorganisms from the skin of hands
mechanical washing hands before surgical disinfection of hands→removing of microorganisms from the skin of hands
before surgical disifection
surgical disinfection of hands → reduction of amound of microorganisms on the skin of hands and forearms
hygienic disifection of hans → reduction of amound of microorganisms on the skin of hands, interruption of mode of transmission
hygienic washing of hands → usage of washing
tools with disinfectious additive

21. THANK YOU