1. Sovereignty Canadian & World Politics www.CraigMarlatt.com/school

2. Sovereignty 1.Showing Pride 2.Global Decision Making 3.Nationalism

3. Canadian Symbols What does it mean to be Canadian? What are the things that represent our country? How is Canada recognized around the world? What symbols represent YOU?!

4. Government Symbols

5. Flags Flown Over Canada St. George’s Cross Fleur-de-LisRoyal Union Spanish Ensign Red EnsignUnion Jack Maple Leaf ?!

6. Multi-Coloured Money

7. Typical Images

8. Royal Canadian Mounted Police

9. Sports Inventions

10. Other Inventions

11. MORE Inventions

12. Design Your Own Coat of Arms

18. Canada and the European Union

19. Austria Belgium Bulgaria Cyprus Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Ireland Italy Latvia Lithuania Luxembourg Malta Netherlands Poland Portugal Romania Slovakia Slovenia Spain Sweden United Kingdom Croatia and others

20. Canada and the European Union

21. Albania Andorra Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Croatia Georgia Iceland Kosovo (?) Liechtenstein Macedonia Moldova Monaco Montenegro Norway Russia San Marino Serbia Switzerland Turkey Ukraine Vatican City State Other European Countries (non EU members)

22. Canada and the European Union CanadaEuropean Union Government Leader The Rt. Hon. Stephen Harper H.E. José Manuel Barroso Government Type Parliamentary Democracy Supranational Union FormationJuly 1, 1867May 9, 1950 Population33 million496 million

23. Canada and the European Union CanadaEuropean Union Area9 984 670 sq km4 325 675 sq km Divisions 10 provinces, 3 territories 27 countries CapitalOttawa, OntarioBrussels, Belgium Gross Domestic Product $1.1 trillion US$13.4 trillion US

24. Canada and the European Union Current Head of Government of country identified assumes additional duties as Presidency of the Council of the European Union for term 2013 Jan–Jun Ireland Jul–Dec Lithuania 2014 Jan–Jun Greece Jul–Dec Italy 2015 Jan–Jun Latvia Jul–Dec Luxembourg

25. Canada and the European Union EU Currency (Bills) –Multi-coloured –Archways and Bridges –NOT specific sites (i.e. not country-specific) –€ 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 denominations

26. Canada and the European Union Canadian Currency (Bills) –Multi-coloured –Prime Ministers and Queen and scenes of innovation $5 Laurier (TBA 2013) $10 Macdonald (TBA 2013) $20 Elizabeth II Vimy Ridge $50 King CCG Icebreaker $100 Borden Medical Innovation

27. Canada and the European Union EU Coins –Uniform front, national back –All coins are valid in all countries –1, 2, 5, 10, 20, and 50 cent pieces plus €1 and €2 coins

28. Canada and the European Union Canadian Coins –Maple leaf, beaver, bluenose, moose, coat of arms, loonie, and polar bear are regular images on front, Queen on back –1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 cent coins plus $1 and $2 coins

29. Nationalism Canada and Quebec Indonesia and East Timor Turkey, Iraq, and Iran and Kurdistan Russia and Chechnya Spain and Basque United Kingdom and Northern Ireland Israel and Palestine

30. Nationalism In all of these fractured national geographies, neo-national identities are in the midst of political contest with their predecessors. Each predecessor views the new or new-old claimant as a threat to its own integrity, or even to its continued existence as a state.

31. Nationalism Neo-nationalism has come to mean violence, whereas it should mean mutual recognition and new opportunity. “Velvet divorces”, as between Slovakia and the Czech Republic, or successful new federal solutions are rare. Other notable locations with neo-nationalist movements include Scotland, Japan, Denmark, Poland, and Yugoslavia, although the United Nations estimates that only 25 of its 192 members are free from secessionist disputes.

32. Nationalism Case Studies –Quebec –Western Alienation –Scotland –Wales

33. Border Terminology Physical borders are actual walls, gates, or other tangible barriers dividing political divisions. On the other hand, theoretical borders are those that exist on paper alone and often just follow lines of latitude or longitude and are not marked on the ground.

34. Border Terminology The Great Wall of China: A Physical Border

35. Border Terminology A similar concept is real v. perceived borders. Real borders are those that do exist - whether physical or theoretical. Perceived borders are those which one or more people feel exist but are not actually there. The latter may affect people just as a real border would but nonetheless are not there.

36. Border Terminology The next type of borders have had significant affect in Canada. Temporal borders refers to the timing of the creation of the border. –Antecedent borders are those placed down where no development has previously occurred. –Superimposed borders are those placed down irrespective of any existing settlement.

37. Border Terminology The last set of terms when referring to borders are lines and regions. Border lines are those of small, finite widths that are knowingly crossed. Border regions are areas of indefinite width surrounding a border line. The width may vary significantly depending on many variables including population, geography, and political stability.

38. Border Terminology Political exclaves are small areas of land belonging to one jurisdiction yet completely surrounded by another.

39. Border Terminology Political Exclaves

40. Border Terminology Political Exclaves

41. Border Terminology International Boundary Disputes

42. Border Terminology International Boundary Disputes

43. Border Terminology International Boundary Disputes

44. Border Terminology International Boundary Disputes Other disputed border locations include –Ethiopia and Eritrea –Japan and Russia –Chile and Argentina –Canada and the United States

45. The Canada – U.S. Border Problems with the Superimposition of the Canada-U.S. Border

46. The Canada – U.S. Border Problems with the Superimposition of the Canada-U.S. Border

47. The Canada – U.S. Border Political Exclaves BRITISH COLUMBIA WASHINGTON

48. The Canada – U.S. Border Political Exclaves ONTARIOMANITOBA MINNESOTA

49. The Canada – U.S. Border Border Costs

50. The Canada – U.S. Border A History of Marking the Border

51. The Canada – U.S. Border Opportunities of a North American Perimetre Security Ease of Movement Cooperation Sovereignty? Political union has always been an option for Canada – eliminating the physical border would not change this