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EWEC 2007 Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Wind Turbine Testing Laboratory WT Load Measurements: A Comparison between Load- Based and Analytical Calibration.

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Presentation on theme: "EWEC 2007 Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Wind Turbine Testing Laboratory WT Load Measurements: A Comparison between Load- Based and Analytical Calibration."— Presentation transcript:

1 EWEC 2007 Centre for Renewable Energy Sources Wind Turbine Testing Laboratory WT Load Measurements: A Comparison between Load- Based and Analytical Calibration D. J. Lekou, F. Mouzakis

2 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 2 Load Measurements Tower (Bending & Torsion) Main Shaft (Bending & Torsion) Blades (Bending) Supporting Systems  Hydraulic pistons  Coupling axles  Bearing plates

3 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 3 Recommended Sensors Bending Moments Tower – type T Bending Moments Shaft – type II Torsion – type V Axial Loads – type T

4 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 4 Load-based Calibration Apply load Determine influence coefficient

5 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 5 Analytical Calibration Electrical calibration Knowledge of material & geometry Definition of influence coefficient LoadTypeB Bending (tower)T2(1+ν) Bending (shaft)II4 TorsionV4 AxialT2(1+ ν)

6 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 6 Calibration uncertainty Measured quantity: y  Normal (measured value, standard uncertainty) Type A: analysis of repeated measurements Type B: based on scientific judgment

7 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 7 Load-based Calibration Uncertainty Load  Magnitude of load  Load direction & Load introduction point Sensors  Location of sensors Data Acquisition System Other parameters

8 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 8 Analytical Calibration Uncertainty Material properties  E-modulus, Poisson Ratio Geometrical Data  Diameter, Thickness Sensors  Location, orientation Data Acquisition System  Gauge factor, Resistor, etc. Other parameters

9 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 9 Tension of Plate – Load based Load Magnitude  ±0.2% full scale Load direction  ±1° Data Acquisition System  u V = 2.89mV

10 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 10 Tension of Plate - Analytical Electrical calibration (C)  S.g. factor  S.g. calibrator  Type A (linear regression)  Data Acquisition System  S.g. misalignment (neglected) Material Properties  E-modulus  Poisson Ratio Geometrical data  Width  Thickness

11 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 11 Tension of Plate - Results Influence Coefficient & uncertainty Load-basedAnalytical A L (kN/V)u AL /A L (%)A A (kN/V)u AA /A A (%) 11.530.3411.663.00 12.090.3611.943.00 11.810.3611.693.00 12.180.3112.023.00

12 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 12 Tension of Plate - Sensitivity Influence of material properties on coefficient  E-modulus  Poisson ratio NOMINALVariation E Variation ν AL*AL* A A * E=205, ν =0.29 A (E=210)A (E=200)A (ν=0.28)A (ν=0.30) 11.9012.0412.3411.7512.1211.93 12.3411.7512.1211.93

13 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 13 Wind Turbine Tower – Load based Bending moment  Applied load  Distance measurement  Load Direction Indication of s.g. bridge output Nacelle position Prevailing wind

14 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 14 Wind Turbine Tower - Analytical Electrical Calibration (C) Material properties Geometrical Properties Data Acquisition system Strain gauge misalignment (neglected) Strain gauge positioning (neglected)

15 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 15 Wind Turbine Tower - Results Load calibration  2.25% Analytical calibration  3.56% Target (IEC) uncertainty  3%

16 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 16 Wind Turbine Main Shaft Similar approach to previous Load calibration  Blade position Analytical calibration  Only E-modulus

17 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 17 Wind Turbine Main Shaft - Results Load based calibration  1.26% Analytical calibration  3.15% Target (IEC) uncertainty  3%

18 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 18 Conclusions - Recommendations Both methods have limitations  Load calibration needs high loads  Load calibration not always feasible  Analytical calibration results to higher uncertainties Combination of methods preferred

19 European Wind Energy Conference 2007, Milan, Italy 19 Thank you for your attention

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