1. 1 Civilian Stabilization Initiative UNCLASSIFIED U.S. Department of State Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization February 4, 2008 Building a USG Civilian Response Capability to Support Stabilization and Reconstruction Operations

2. 2 Strategic Environment: Stabilization missions are an increasingly important part of the international landscape. The United States has been involved in or contributed significant resources to at least 3 post-conflict operations per year in more than 17 countries since the end of the Cold War. 2

3. 3 Preparing for the Next Crisis Recent RAND-USIP study finds peace operations are a new security reality, and worth the investment. Since the end of the Cold War, the pace of U.S. military interventions has risen to about one every two years, while the frequency of new UN peacekeeping missions is up to nearly one every six months. …conflicts impose greater costs on the international community than the expense necessary to ensure that the cycle of violence, once halted for whatever reason, is not renewed.  Crises can arise unexpectedly – Changes in leadership from elections or civil unrest Sudden refugee movements sparking conflict Terrorist organizations and organized crime exploiting vacuums of governance  Military solution alone is insufficient.  NSPD-44 mandates the USG to be prepared to respond.  DODD 3000.05 puts stability operations on par with combat operations. "In this international atmosphere, the United States must have the right structures, personnel, and resources in place when an emergency occurs. A delay in our response of a few weeks, or even days, can mean the difference between success and failure." – Senator Richard Lugar (R-IN)

4. 4 Country Reconstruction & Stabilization Group (CRSG) Washington-based, decision-making body Planning and Operations Staff Co Chaired by 1. Regional A/S 2. S/CRS Coordinator 3. NSC Director Country Reconstruction & Stabilization Group (CRSG) Washington-based, decision-making body Planning and Operations Staff Co Chaired by 1. Regional A/S 2. S/CRS Coordinator 3. NSC Director A New Interagency Management System Integration Planning Cell (IPC) Integrates with relevant Geographic Combatant Command or with equivalent multinational headquarters Assists in harmonizing the civilian and military planning processes and operations Consists of interagency planners, regional and sectoral experts Integration Planning Cell (IPC) Integrates with relevant Geographic Combatant Command or with equivalent multinational headquarters Assists in harmonizing the civilian and military planning processes and operations Consists of interagency planners, regional and sectoral experts Field Advance Civilian Team (FACT) Advance Civilian Team (ACT) Interagency field management coordination team(s) Support Chief of Mission in the field to coordinate and execute plans Advance Civilian Team (ACT) Interagency field management coordination team(s) Support Chief of Mission in the field to coordinate and execute plans

5. 5 Meeting the Needs of Today The pilot deployment of Active Response Corps members opened the US field office in Darfur and continue to provide support to the peace process S/CRS and ARC members deployed to Afghanistan to assist Provincial Reconstruction Teams to create Provincial Support plans In the last month alone, S/CRS has received requests for civilian conflict and R&S expertise in Darfur, Kosovo, Liberia, Pakistan, SOUTHCOM and AFRICOM The inaugural team of State’s R&S first responders has deployed to Sudan, Chad, Iraq, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Liberia, Nepal, Kosovo, and Haiti. “We obviously had inadequate plans, concepts, organizations, resources, and policies for the conduct of stability and reconstruction operations; consequently, we were slow to move...” -- Lt.Gen David Petraeus, Confirmation hearing, January 2007

6. 6 Challenge of Response Response to conflict must be:  Fast “Golden hour” ends quickly. Response needs to rapidly establish a stable environment, laying the ground work for recovery.  Flexible Conditions are fluid. Response must take immediate advantage of opportunities and change course as necessary.  Localized Response must be rooted in the unique culture of the country. Staff must be trained to work with host nationals who are ultimately responsible for peace.  Comprehensive Response cannot be piecemeal. Police cannot operate without courts and prisons. Military cannot provide security without roads and water. Governments cannot ensure stability if young men do not have jobs. “Unless I can get the sewage off the streets and get potable water into the houses of the people who live on those streets – unless that happens – fast – I am going to be run out of Baghdad.” – Maj. General Peter Chiarelli

7. 7  Expert Personnel to provide rapid response oversight, management, programming and advisory capacity Active and Standby Response Corps $75.2 Training and Equipment U.S. Civilian Reserve Corps $86.8 Training and Equipment  Deployment Support to put civilians on the ground quickly, protect and sustain them for first 60 days Deploying and Sustaining US experts $42.0 Civilian Force Protection $22.1  Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization to manage Washington coordination and leadership of R&S planning and operations and the development of prevention mechanisms and best practices Operating Costs $23.0  Total Request $248.6 A New State of Readiness To be fast, flexible, localized and comprehensive – the USG must be READY. The Civilian Stabilization Initiative provides the capacity the USG needs to respond quickly and effectively. In FY09 the request includes: FY09 Request (in mil)

8. 8 Lack of common planning approach, assessment tools and reliable measures of progress No unified operating system to ensure command and control. Limited civilian capacity to manage and implement R&S response Critical shortage of rapid, flexible funding for non-humanitarian activities -- constrains effective allocation and management of R&S resources; slows rate of U.S. civilian deployments. Gap in specialized training and preparation for civilians deploying quickly to conflict and unstable environments. No common repository for capturing and applying lessons learned and best practices. Civilian Stabilization Initiative addresses civilian capacity gaps: Active Response Corps: Dedicated USG staff trained and ready to deploy within days. Serves as the standing agency capacity for rapid response. Will assess situation, design response and begin R&S implementation. FY09 request: 250 new Interagency ARC members Standby Response Corps: USG employees from civilian agencies who have ongoing job responsibilities. Trained and available for deployment in 30 days for up to 180 days. FY09 request: training for 750 new Interagency SRC members Civilian Reserve Corps: Experts drawn from outside the federal government. Provide sector- specific expertise. Become USG employees when mobilized. Have regular jobs outside the USG. Traing and deployable in 30-60 days for up to one year. FY09 request: build the CRC to 2000 members Meeting the Challenge of Civilian Capacity Common R&S Challenges Civilian Stabilization Initiative Civilian Stabilization Initiative will build this capacity

9. 9 ACTIVE RESPONSE CORPS (ARC) STANDBY RESPONSE CORPS CIVILIAN RESERVE CORPS (CRC) DAYS FOLLOWING A CRISIS USG staff trained and ready to go in 48 hours to one week. Standing agency capacity for rapid response. Will assess situation, design response and begin R&S implementation USG employees Civilian agency employees who have ongoing job responsibilities but are trained and available for deployments. Deployable within 30 days for up to 180 days USG employees when mobilized Have regular jobs outside the USG Fully trained and deployable in 30-60 days Provide sector-specific Civilian Response expertise Putting Civilian Experts on the Ground 250 New ARC 750 new trained SRC 2000 recruited CRC The new Interagency Management System puts experts on the ground

10. 10 What is the Active Response Corps? Active Response Corps (ARC) are: FAST – deploy within 48 hours to 1 week EXPEDITIONARY – able to deploy to difficult environments for up to 6 months SPECIALIZED – receive minimum 8 weeks of training per year with specialized R&S skills -- The right people in the right place at the right time -- Request: 250 new Interagency Active Responders in FY09 $75.2 million request provides for: 250 new Interagency ARC positions 8 weeks of mandatory training Armored vehicles, communications and personal equipment Basic office support 2 weeks mandatory training for 750 SRC members in FY09

11. 11 R&S Planning, operations and program management R&S Planning, operations and program management Criminal Justice and Policing Criminal Justice and Policing Economic Recovery Essential Services Diplomacy and Governance Diplomacy and Governance Diplomatic Security Who are the Active Response Corps? 99 DOS, DOJ, DHS and USAID integrated team of police, legal, judicial, and corrections personnel task-organized to assess, plan and start up full-spectrum criminal justice operations and development 59 DOS and USAID core group of officers to manage mission set up and field teams in assessment, operations setup, planning, program design/startup, military liaison, local engagement 25 USDA, Treasury, Commerce, and USAID experts in agriculture, rural development, commerce, taxes, monetary policy, and business and financial services task-organized to assess, plan, and help stand up economic recovery programs; 23 USAID and HHS experts covering public health, infrastructure, education, and labor task-organized to assess, plan, and help stand up essential public services; 24 DS Agents task-organized to serve as security officers and security planners in the IMS; 20 DOS and USAID officers covering ROL, Human Rights, Protection, Governance/Democracy, Conflict Mitigation, Civil Society/Media, and SSR, task-organized to assess, plan, and stand up diplomatic, democracy, and governance programs in a crisis environment.

12. 12 What is the Standby Response Corps? Request: Training for 2000 Standby Response Corps members in FY09 $75.2 million request also provides for: 250 new Interagency ARC positions 8 weeks of mandatory training Armored vehicles, communications and personal equipment Basic office support 2 weeks mandatory training for 750 SRC members in FY09 The SRC is: INTERAGENCY – employees from State, USAID, Justice, Commerce, Treasury, Agriculture, Health and Human Services, Homeland Security VOLUNTARILY “ON CALL” – SRC members are “on call” to deploy from their current assignment in support of a regional crisis or transition requiring a surge of US civilian expertise with 30 days notice for up to 180 days SPECIALIZED – SRC members are specialized in language, skills and a range of sectoral and functional expertise and receive an additional minimum 2 weeks of R&S training per year Currently there are 91 State SRC members supported by additional retirees. Two SRC experts have deployed to Sudan and Chad. The SRC will grow to 500 interagency members in FY08 and to 2000 in FY09.

13. 13 Who is in the Standby Response Corps? SRC Total by Agency FY08TotalFY08Total DOS 166 - 194664 - 776 Homeland Security 624 USAID 186744 Health & Human Services 1040 Justice 74 - 102296 - 408 Treasury 416 Commerce 1040 Agriculture 1664 Total FY08500Total FY092000

14. 14 Mission Statement The U.S. Civilian Reserve Corps (CRC) is a rapid response corps that draws on American expertise to respond to critical international crises. It complements the standing response capacity of U.S. civilian agencies to address stabilization and reconstruction challenges as a priority component of U.S. national security. When mobilized by the President its job is to assist the USG to facilitate efforts to: Establish or reestablish the rule of law; Establish or reestablish operability of government institutions; Prepare local leaders to operate in a democratic, market system; and Support democratic political transitions. “…A volunteer Civilian Reserve Corps…would ease the burden on the Armed Forces by allowing us to hire civilian with critical skills to serve on missions abroad when America needs them. And it us to hire civilian with critical skills to serve on missions abroad when America needs them. And it would give people across America who do not wear a uniform a chance to serve in the defining struggle of our time. – President’s State of the Union Address, 2007 What is the Civilian Reserve Corps?

15. 15 Employing American Expertise Overseas The Civilian Reserve is composed of expertise external to the USG to complement USG civilian agencies’ internal capacities and is: Appropriate to the mission Expert and Accountable Trained and Reliable Recruitment goal of 500 in the first year with a focus on public security and rule of law. The FY09 request allows the Department to build to a Civilian Reserve of 2000. Other areas of emphasis include: essential services, public administration, transitional governance, and economic stability Deploy overseas as part of a USG R&S mission, serving under Chief of Mission authority Advise, mentor, and strengthen local capacity Manage the work of USG contractors and coordinate common sectoral initiatives Work with US military and other peacekeeping forces to help create the stability necessary to permit reconstruction $86.8 million request provides for CRC management: 2000 Reservists recruited, screened, cleared and hired Home Office Established including U.S. Deployment support center and 25 positions 4 weeks training designed and delivered Equipment Purchased and Deployable “The U.S. Government [has a] critical need for a reserve civilian corps of talented professionals with the proper expertise…Such a contingency organization ideally would be identified, recruited, trained in advance, exercised regularly, and be ready.” – SIGIR Request: Build a Corps of 2000 Civilian Reservists in FY09

16. 16 Deployment, Protection and Support In order to effectively yet rapidly deploy and begin R&S assessment, programming and operations, we need to: PREPARE – includes mission-specific pre- deployment training, with mission-specific equipment, vehicles and communications systems SUPPORT – allows U.S. Civilians, including critical contracted personnel, to deploy on the ground for the first 2 months of assessment, planning, and initial project implementation before re-programming and longer-term contracts can be put in place PROTECT – provides protection for deployed civilians for first 2 months of R&S activities including for 3 civilian-military teams Request includes: $12.5 for Expert Contract Deployment $29.0 for pre-mission- specific deployment training and preparation, mission-specific equipment, vehicles and communications gear and first 2 months of salaries and benefits $22.1 for civilian force protection for first 2 months of R&S activities including security personnel and support Request: Deploy, Protect and Support Civilian experts for “jump-start” period of 2 months

17. 17 Coordinator for Reconstruction and Stabilization Account (in mil)FY07FY08FY09 Operating costs5.95.714.7 Salaries1.8 8.3 Total Funding 7.77.523.0 Conflict Prevention – S/CRS is engaged in conflict assessment and prevention activities in key countries around the world and currently oversees DOD 1207 transfer authority projects in Haiti, Nepal, SE Asia, Colombia, Somalia, Lebanon, Yemen and the trans- Sahel Planning – S/CRS coordinates whole-of-government R&S contingency and operations planning for US efforts in countries in crisis and transition Training and Exercises – S/CRS provides R&S training to the interagency, assists in military training efforts and exercises interagency planning and operations with the interagency and the military Interagency Management System – S/CRS develops, trains and operationalizes the IMS, keeping staff ready to stand up the IMS as needed ARC/SRC Reach-back and Support – S/CRS supports ARC and SRC in the field with sectoral, best practice, planning, logistics, operations, and Information reach-back S/CRS Request for $23.014 mil includes a $15.5 mil increase: 57 positions to regularize temporary Foreign Service staff, provide ARC and SRC reach-back, management and operations support $8.8 - Support for expert field assessments, planning and deployments for conflict prevention and non-IMS country engagements Planning and best practices development to inform effective R&S responses $6.5- Salary support for S/CRS’ 76 staff Request: Increase S/CRS planning, operations and management in FY09

18. 18 BACK UP SLIDES

19. 19 1 2 3 Country Plan Overview Template Policy Formulation Strategic Planning Team: Performs Situation Assessment Develops Goals achievable within 2-3 years  Multiple Options (Phasing, Resource Levels, Assumptions, etc) Develops Major Mission Elements (MMEs)- (Lines of operation and strategic direction) Product for Deputies Committee/Principals Committee CRSG Secretariat or S/CRS Led: Strategy Development MME Planning Team: Develops MME (Lines of operation) Strategy (which must include metrics and a resource strategy) Identifies Essential Task Areas Determines Lead Agency for Each Task Area Tracks Other Donor Contributions Product for Policy Coordinating Committee/CRSG CRSG Secretariat or S/CRS Led: GOALS MMEs Implementation Planning Lead Agency or Essential Task Area Team: Develops ETA Strategy (sub-tasks, resources) Develops and Monitors Essential Task metrics Performs Program Management ACT or Country Team: Integrates Agency or ETA Team strategies into interagency implementation plan Agency and ACT/Country Team Led: ETAs A New System of Interagency Planning

20. 20 Situation Analysis Overview Whole-of-Government Planning Policy Guidance Memo USG Strategic Plan for R&S Includes Overview Template & Narrative, MME Concepts, and Comprehensive Resource and Management Plan Interagency Implementation Plan Includes ETA Concepts Policy Formulation Led by CRSG Secretariat Strategic Planning Team Implementation Planning In support of COM - Led by Implementation Planning Team and ETA Teams On-the-ground monitoring, reassessment and revision of plans Plan Implementation COM, then CRSG PCC, approve changes to the Strategic Plan DC or PC approves policy option and provides planning guidance COM, then CRSG PCC, approves IIP CRSG approves USG Strategic Plan for R&S Strategy Development In support of CRSG - Led by Strategic Planning Team and MME Teams

21. 21 Design for Civilian Reserve Corps Home Office Total staff: 32 through FY09 Civilian Reserve Administration Resource Development Training and Education Executive Office Force Generation Budget Standards and Evaluation Recruitment Selection Employment Performance Management Employee Management Employee Relations Training standards Reserve Orientation Agency-Specific Training Field/IMS training Pre-Deployment Operations Family Liaison Medical Logistics Finance Travel Field Contracting General Services Financial Management HQ HR Information Management Security Secretary of State SCRS Office of the Chief Operating Officer Civilian Reserve Corps Deployment Support Center (USAID)

22. 22 CRC Terms of Service  Contract can be terminated at anytime by the USG  Contract can be extended within 90 days following each deployment, reservists can apply to extend for another 4 years of service.  If not renewed, contract automatically terminated 90 days after full 1-year deployment.  Acceptable Service Deferments: For up to twelve weeks due to a serious health condition, as defined in the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 (“FMLA”) For up to twelve weeks within the first year following the birth or adoption of a child; For such other grounds and for such period as may be deemed acceptable by the Department of State.  Deploy within 30-45 days of call up. Civilian Reserve Corps

23. 23 Reservists may be drawn upon for a full range of R&S roles including: Security and ROL Essential services (water, sewage, trash collection, electricity, roads and communications) Re-establishing vital government institutions including police, courts and prisons; Supporting transition to new political and economic structures; and Program management. Provides a reliable source of trained and screened expertise required to address the specific challenges that arise in the first year of an R&S mission. Scalable, flexible resource tool to mobilize experts outside the Federal Government. Supplements USG expertise. Designed for major R&S operations, not for routine USG activities or to fill routine staffing gaps. Taps the expertise in the American public and provides a unique opportunity to serve. As USG Personnel Reservists may: Evaluate conditions and design R&S programs; Identify personnel requirements; Manage contractors/grantees; Execute plans; Fill local institutional roles; Negotiate agreements; and Provide counsel/training to local leaders to facilitate transition to local control. Terms: Four years of service – expected deployment for one year. Deploy within 30- 60 days of call up. Compensation: Same as for USG employees abroad. Service is voluntary, but governed by a written agreement. Training: Introductory, annual, leadership, and pre-deployment training. Additional agency-based training. Equipment: Basic equipment issued to reservists by function, and specialized equipment tailored to mission. Authority: Falls under the authority of the Secretary of State. Trigger: Presidential call-up. USG personnel: When mobilized, reservists become USG employees Supplements internal surge: Requires complementary internal surge capacity to be effective. Agency Proponency: Agencies with sectoral expertise responsible for vetting and integration with internal operations. Civilian Reserve Corps Responsibilities Management Structure PurposeFunction

24. 24 CRC Composition Sectoral Composition of first 500 Reservists:

25. 25 Civilian Reserve Task Force S/CRS DOD USAID DOJ DOS/INLTreasury DOS/L Commerce DOS/HR HHS AgricultureDHS Workstream Establish CRC Management Structure Identify Training, Equip, Logistics and Mobilization to support personnel in the field Develop selection process, criteria, and hiring, and retention mechanisms CRC Tasks 1.Develop Financial plan for FY07, FY08, FY09 2.Develop Home office 3.Proposal for final management structure 1.Identify first 500 positions; 2.Recruitment, Selection and Screening plan; 3.Marketing strategy, 4.Proposal for Active and Standby components 1.Equipment plan for Response Corps 2.Deployment plan for Response Corps 3.Training Plan Task Force Members Workstream

26. 26 Costs of Stability Operations  2500  1000  2000  1500 0 500 Hostile Deaths -- Non- Hostile Deaths Major Combat Operations Hostile Deaths -- Non-Hostile Deaths Stability Operations Major Combat Operations vs. Stability Operations 1990- 2006 U.S. Casualty Comparison U.S. Military Personnel Deaths Stability Operations take place in hostile environments Stability Operations take place in hostile environments Number of U.S. military deaths in stability operations over six times that of major combat operations Number of U.S. military deaths in stability operations over six times that of major combat operations  $300  $150  $250  $200  $50  $100 Major Combat Incremental Costs Cost Comparison Major Combat Operations vs. Stability Operations 1990- 2006 Billions of FY04 dollars Stability Operations Incremental Costs In the last 15 years, the U.S. has spent over five times as much on stability operations compared to major combat In the last 15 years, the U.S. has spent over five times as much on stability operations compared to major combat

27. 27 Civilian Response Capacity Timeline NSPD-44 issued ARC established Initial deployments FY2004 2005 20062007 2008 20092010 S/CRS established Assumptions: 1)Timely passage of authorizing legislation 2)Fast transfer to State and internal dispersal of funding S/CRS ARC SRC CRC First FSI courses offered NSPD-44 transitions to PCC Process; initial Operational Readiness Achieved Abbreviations: SRC: Standby Response Corps ARC: Active Response Corps CRC: Civilian Reserve Corps Training Initiated 10 Member Corps. Capable of launching initial operations at end of year 12-member State Department Corps trained and deployed Full ARC funding expected; build interagency Corps to 250 members Fully trained 250-member interagency ARC SRC established Initial deployment 90-member State Corps; capable of launching initial operations at end of year Build expanded interagency Corps of up to 500 by end of year Full funding expected; train 750 interagency Corps Train full Corps of up to 2000 members Design approved; funding sought through legislation Funding expected; recruitment and training of up to first 500 members; pilot group of Civilian reservists trained by end of year Funding for 2000-member CRC expected Fully deployable 2000 reservist CRC