1. Neutralization Reactions
Section 21.1

2. Neutralization Reactions
Acid + Base  Water + salt
Hydronium ions + hydroxide ions  water + water
H3O OH  H2O H2O
Examples:
HCl + NaOH  H2O + NaCl
H2SO4 + 2KOH  2H2O + K2SO4
All neutralization reactions are double displacement reactions

3. Titrations Standard Solution Titration End Point
The solution of known concentration
Titration
The process of a specific amount of a known solution to an unknown solution to determine the molarity of the unknown solution
End Point
When the indicator shows that neutralization has occurred

4. Example graph of end point

5. Sample Problem
A 25mL solution of H2SO4 is completely neutralized by 18mL of 1.0 M NaOH using phenolphthalein as an indicator. What is the concentration of the H2SO4 solution?
H2SO4 + 2NaOH  2H2O + Na2SO4
25mL H2SO4 1L H2SO mol H2SO4 2 mol NaOH mL = 0.36M NaOH
1000mL L H2SO mol H2SO mL NaOH L
Use stoichiometry to go from mL of your known solution to find Molarity (mol/L) of your unknown solution