1. Stefan Kinne MPI-Meteorology Hamburg, Germany REGION ality of EARLINET sites

2. site data and global modeling  global modeling is done on +100km scales  can (aerosol) site statistics be applied for evaluation at a single grid-point ? for evaluations at many grid-points ?  use satellite data to decide (MISR aod) how does the 17.6 km value compare to regional means at 100km at 300km at 500km at 900km

3. quantify performance only apply to data-pairs:  what is the average relative bias ? rel BIAS = (  (local - region) / local ) / # cases  what is the average relative error ? rel ERROR = (  abs(local - region) / local ) / #  selected thresholds rel BIASpass < +/- 10% < fail rel ERRORpass < 30% < fail

4. relative bias 100 km 300 km 500 km 900 km  Sofia -0.210 Sofia -0.079 Buchares -0.122 Buchares -0.130  Napoli -0.023 Buchares -0.072 Leipzig -0.035 Leipzig -0.041  Buchares -0.008 Napoli -0.063 Napoli -0.014 Belsk -0.006  Palaisea 0.001 Leipzig -0.027 Belsk -0.011 Napoli -0.002  ObsHaute 0.004 Madrid -0.013 Madrid -0.009 Evora 0.022  Hamburg 0.009 Minsk 0.003 Minsk 0.032 Palaisea 0.031  Evora 0.016 Belsk 0.005 Sofia 0.033 Minsk 0.044  Minsk 0.020 Palaisea 0.024 Palaisea 0.034 Cabauw 0.072  Belsk 0.020 Evora 0.043 Evora 0.045 Madrid 0.117  Cabauw 0.020 Hamburg 0.083 Cabauw 0.073 Sofia 0.117  Leipzig 0.021 Munich 0.092 Hamburg 0.115 Hamburg 0.126  Payerne 0.032 Cabauw 0.096 Thessalo 0.131 Ness_Zio 0.218  Linkopin 0.036 Thessalo 0.135 Munich 0.131 Thessalo 0.249  Athens 0.048 Payerne 0.155 Ness_Zio 0.240 Barcelon 0.274  Madrid 0.054 Alomar 0.191 Alomar 0.255 Lecce 0.305  Munich 0.067 Ness_Zio 0.206 Barcelon 0.276 Munich 0.311  Neuchate 0.070 Linkopin 0.218 Lecce 0.294 Alomar 0.311  Alomar 0.077 Barcelon 0.240 Payerne 0.305 Cork 0.340  Granada 0.101 Neuchate 0.251 Linkopin 0.324 Athens 0.407  Thessalo 0.109 Lecce 0.289 Cork 0.326 Payerne 0.444  Ness_Zio 0.136 Cork 0.301 Athens 0.404 Linkopin 0.456  Barcelon 0.144 Athens 0.350 Neuchate 0.418 Neuchate 0.516  Potenza 0.156 ObsHaute 0.598 Granada 0.745 Granada 0.724  Cork 0.197 Granada 0.605 ObsHaute 0.862 ObsHaute 1.009  Lecce 0.199 Potenza 0.845 Potenza 1.112 Potenza 1.148  LAquila 0.222 Ispra 0.898 LAquila 1.397 LAquila 1.489  Ispra 0.599 LAquila 1.181 Ispra 1.493 Ispra 3.069

5. relative error 100 km 300 km 500 km 900 km  Evora 0.078 Minsk 0.161 Palaisea 0.192 Palaisea 0.200  Belsk 0.104 Palaisea 0.165 Evora 0.195 Leipzig 0.212  Alomar 0.112 Leipzig 0.169 Leipzig 0.195 Evora 0.226  Buchares 0.114 Belsk 0.169 Belsk 0.198 Belsk 0.242  Minsk 0.116 Evora 0.171 Minsk 0.215 Buchares 0.246  Leipzig 0.117 Buchares 0.178 Buchares 0.221 Minsk 0.249  Cabauw 0.128 Hamburg 0.234 Cabauw 0.264 Cabauw 0.285  Palaisea 0.129 Cabauw 0.237 Madrid 0.271 Hamburg 0.319  Hamburg 0.139 Madrid 0.240 Hamburg 0.274 Napoli 0.321  ObsHaute 0.144 Alomar 0.258 Napoli 0.301 Madrid 0.326  Linkopin 0.153 Munich 0.281 Munich 0.321 Ness_Zio 0.359  Madrid 0.180 Napoli 0.283 Sofia 0.327 Sofia 0.367  Munich 0.201 Linkopin 0.300 Alomar 0.330 Alomar 0.383  Athens 0.208 Ness_Zio 0.301 Ness_Zio 0.353 Lecce 0.419  Neuchate 0.209 Sofia 0.307 Thessalo 0.357 Munich 0.428  Payerne 0.211 Thessalo 0.332 Lecce 0.386 Thessalo 0.434  Napoli 0.214 Payerne 0.366 Linkopin 0.387 Barcelon 0.455  Ness_Zio 0.215 Lecce 0.366 Barcelon 0.433 Athens 0.497  Thessalo 0.225 Neuchate 0.367 Athens 0.481 Linkopin 0.498  Barcelon 0.250 Barcelon 0.375 Cork 0.485 Cork 0.530  Potenza 0.254 Cork 0.425 Payerne 0.500 Payerne 0.608  Sofia 0.271 Athens 0.439 Neuchate 0.530 Neuchate 0.656  Lecce 0.282 ObsHaute 0.626 Granada 0.832 Granada 0.827  Granada 0.291 Granada 0.695 ObsHaute 0.886 ObsHaute 1.038  Cork 0.321 Potenza 0.867 Potenza 1.126 Potenza 1.166  LAquila 0.360 Ispra 0.984 LAquila 1.443 LAquila 1.536  Ispra 0.638 LAquila 1.225 Ispra 1.649 Ispra 3.226

6. ‘useful’ sites  100 km:  Paliseau, ObsHaute, Bucarest, Hamburg, Evora, Minsk, Belsk, Cabauw, Leipzig, Napoli, Payerne, Linkoeping, Athens, Madrid, Munich, Neuchatel, Alomar  300km:  Minsk, Belsk, Madrid, Paliseau, Leipzig, Evora, Napoli, Bucarest, Hamburg, Munich, Cabauw  500km:  Madrid, Belsk, Napoli, Minsk, Sofia, Leipzig, Paliseau, Evora, Cabauw  900km:  Napoli, Belsk, Evora, Pali., Leipzig, Minsk, Cabauw

7. scoring … or not 100km 300km 500km 900km

8. more scores (1)

9. more scores (2)

10. more scores (3)

11. orography  is the s altitude different from the regional average altitude (  z = z, site – z, region ) ?  identify valley sites (-  z) or elevated sites (+  z)  is the regional height altitude variability around a site significant (std.dev.) ?  identify sites with potential for local effects - std. deviation of surrounding 1x1degree region - std. deviation of surrounding 3x3 degree region

12. orography of Earlinet sites vs 1x1deg region  z (m ) std (m) 3deg  Abastuma 50 515 510  Alomar 235 145 170  Athens - 45 215 235  Barcelona - 70 115 215  Belsk 30 30 30  Bilthoven - 5 10 25  Bucarest - 45 60 166  Cabauw - 10 10 25  Cork - 45 45 55  Evora - 185 80 100  Garmisch - 700 495 440  Grenada 25 325 265  Hamburg 0 15 20  ObsHauteP - 85 290 315  Ispra - 625 435 490  JungfrauJ 2365 485 445  L’Aquila 40 345 255  Lecce - 15 35 140  Leipzig - 114 55 90  Linkoping - 25 35 40  Payerne - 400 365 390  Madrid - 105 185 170  Maisach - 275 205 330  Minsk 10 30 20  Munich - 230 220 330  Napoli - 175 240 235  NessZiona 75 85 205  Neuchatel - 370 345 380  Oxylithos - 30 200 220  Paliseau 50 35 40  Potenza 280 250 220  Sofia - 240 350 295  Thessalon - 395 325 326

13. ‘orographic’ summary  tested site altitude vs regional (100km) altitude  z regional (300km) altitude std deviation std  ‘smooth’ sites (  z <100m, std<100m)  Belsk, Bilthoven, Cabauw, Cork, Hamburg, Linkopoing, Minsk, Paliseau  ‘acceptable’ sites (  z <200m, std<200m)  Bucarest, Evora, Lecce, Leipzig, Madrid  ‘marginal’ sites (  z <300m, std<300m)  Alomar, Athens, Barcelona, Grenada, L’Aquila, Munich, Napoli, Ness Ziona, Oxylithos, Potenza, Sofia