1. By Ken Hui Yee for PBL Group 7 Case 26 - Seizures

3. Tonic-clonic or PartialAbsenceMyoclonic* Carbamazepine Lamotrigine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Valproate Topiramate Ethosuximide Lamotrigine Valproate Diazepam Second Line (+ combination use) Gabapentin Lamotrigine Levetiracetam Oxcarbazepine Tiagabine Clonazepam Esclicarbazepine Losigamone Vigabatrin Felbamate Retigabine Zonisamide *limited data

4.  Behavioural and psychological treatments ◦ Pt & carer education  covering background information, diagnosis and management of epilepsy, day-to-day adjustments, seizure control, and stigma ◦ CBT ◦ Relaxation therapy/Meditation ◦ Yoga ◦ * no RCT on CBT, mediation or yoga

5.  Surgery ◦ Amygdalohippocampectomy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ◦ Temporal lobectomy for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ◦ Vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy for drug-resistant partial seizures