1. Constitution and Related Laws Lixiang

2. What do people do with law? 1.practice law( 实践法律 ) ： work as a lawyer/judge/prosecutor 2.Legislation—lagislature  Legislature ： NPC and its standing committee the State Council Other legislatures continue

3. Article 7 The National People's Congress and the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress exercise the state authority of legislation. The National People's Congress enacts and amends basic criminal, civil and state structure laws and other basic laws. The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress enacts and amends laws other than those that shall be enacted by the National People's Congress; and makes partial supplement and amendment to laws enacted by the National People's Congress when the National People's Congress is not in the session, however, such supplement and amendment may not contradict the basic principles of laws concerned.

4. Article 8 The following matters have no alternative but to enact laws: 1. matters concerning state sovereignty; 2. the formation, organization, functions and powers of people's congresses, people's governments, people's courts and people's procuratorates at various levels; 3. the national regional autonomy system, special administrative region system and grass-roots mass autonomy system; 4. crimes and punishments; 5. compulsory measures and penalties such as deprivation of citizens' political rights and restrictions on personal freedom; 6. acquisition of non-state-owned property; 7. the basic civil system; 8. basic economic system and basic systems on finance, taxation, customs, banking and foreign trade; 9. procedural and arbitral systems; and 10. other matters on which the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee must enact laws.

5. Article 9 If no law has been enacted on a matter set forth in Article 8 of this Law, the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee are entitled to make the decision to authorize that the State Council may, according to the actual needs, formulate the administrative regulations first, except for the matters concerning crimes and punishments, compulsory measures and penalties such as deprivation of citizens' political rights and restrictions on personal freedom and judicial system.

6. Article 63 Under the pretext of not contradicting the Constitution, laws and administrative regulations, the people's congresses and their standing committees of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may formulate local regulations in accordance with the specific conditions and actual needs of their respective administrative areas. Large city as the term is used in this Law means a city where the people's government of a province or an autonomous region is located, a city where a special economic zone is located or a larger city approved by the State Council.(49 in all)49 in all

7. Article 71 In accordance with laws and the State Council's administrative regulations, decisions and decrees, the State Council's ministries, commissions, the People's Bank of China, the National Audit Office and the organs directly under the State Council with administrative functions may formulate the rules within the limits of competence of their own departments. Matters on which department rules are formulated shall be the matters for implementing laws or the State Council's administrative regulations, decisions and decrees.

8. Article 73 The people's governments of provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and larger cities may formulate the rules in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and local regulations of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government.

9. conclusion Laws—NPC and its standing committee Administrative regulations –the state council local regulations—some local people’s congress and its standing committee Rules—ministries and some local governments Legal validity( 法律效力 ) ？

10. Which law to apply? law at the same status  New ＞ old  special ＞ general  New special v.s old general:the legislature Law at different status ：

11. Constitution Laws （法律） AR （行政法规） DR （部门规章） LR( 省级地方性法规 ) LGR （省级政府规章） LR （较大市地方性法规） LGR( 较大市政府规章 )

12. Article 78 The Constitution has the supreme force of law, and all laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomy regulation, separate regulation and rules may not contradict the Constitution. Article 79 The force of laws is superior to that of administrative regulations, local regulations and rules. The force of administrative regulations is superior to that of local regulations and rules. Article 80 The force of local regulations is superior to that of rules of local governments at the same level or the lower levels. The force of rules formulated by the people's governments of provinces and autonomous regions is superior to that of the rules formulated by the people's governments of larger cities within their administrative areas. Article 81 If the autonomy regulation and separate regulation lay down the adaptive provisions for laws, administrative regulations and local regulations according to law, their provisions operate within their autonomous areas. If the regulations of special economic zones lay down the adaptive provisions for laws, administrative regulations and local regulations upon the authorization, their provisions operate within their special economic zones.

13. Article 82 The rules of departments and the rules of local governments have the equal force, and operate within their respective limits of competence. Article 83 If the special provisions and general provisions of laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomy regulation, separate regulation and rules formulated by the same organ are inconsistent, the special provisions apply; and if the new and old provisions are inconsistent, the new provisions apply. Article 84 Laws, administrative regulations, local regulations, autonomy regulation, separate regulation and rules are non-retroactive, however, except for the special provisions laid down for the purpose of better protecting the rights and interests of citizens, legal persons and other organizations. Article 85 When the new general provisions and the old special provisions of different laws on the same matter are inconsistent and it could not decide which is applicable, the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress makes a ruling thereon. When the new general provisions and the old special provisions of different administrative regulations on the same matter are inconsistent and it could not decide which is applicable, the State Council makes a ruling thereon.

14. 中华人民共和国《立法法》 Law of the People's Republic of China on Legislation - 2000 (Adopted by the 3rd Session of the Ninth National People's Congress on March 15, 2000, promulgated by Order No.31 of the President of the People's Republic of China on March 15, 2000, and effective from July 1, 2000.)

15. 3. Legal Interpretation(legally effective)  Legislative Interpretation Article 42 The right to interpret laws is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress.  Judicial Interpretation The Supreme People’s Court The Supreme People’s Procuratorate

16. 16 宪法及宪法相关法：宪法 立法法 选举法 刑法：刑法典及刑法修正案 民法：民法通则 物权法 合同法 侵权责任法 婚姻法 继承法 行政法：行政处罚法 行政许可法 行政强制法 国家赔偿法 经济法：消费者权益保护法 反不正当竞争法 社会法：劳动法 劳动合同法 社会保险法 诉讼与非诉讼程序法：民事诉讼法 刑事诉讼法 行政诉讼法 仲裁法 调解制度 公司法 保险法 票据法 证券法 商法：公司法 保险法 票据法 证券法