1. High Efficiency Waste Cooking Oil Refinery Plant Can Produce Portable Biomass Energy
Wataru IIJIMA, Yuichi KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiro TAKEKURA, Hitoshi KATO, Ken TANIWAKI
Biomass
National Agricultural Research Center, NARO, JAPAN
APAN Field Server/Sensor Network Workshop
29. Aug. 2007

2. Problems in Traditional Process Introduction of STING-process
Background
About Biodiesel Fuel
Problems in Traditional Process
Introduction of STING-process
Portable Production Units
Production Costs
Conclusions
Contents
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

3. · Portable Energy Station is useful for field server in no-electricity area.
· Carbon-neutral Energy is desired.
· Biodiesel Fuel is one of promising fuel for alternative diesel fuel.
· There is a some problems for portable plant using traditional biodiesel production process.
· We would like to suggest another technologies.
Background
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

4. Biodiesel Fuel is Biomass-oriented Alternative Diesel Fuel
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME)
from Plant Oils and Animal Fats
by Transesterification and Esterification
Hydrocarbon
by Pyrolysis
by HDO (removal Oxygen by Hydrogen)
from All Biomass
by FT (Fisher-Tropsch) process
Biodiesel Fuel
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

5. Methyl Ester Production from Oils and Fats
CH2OCOR1
CH2OH
CH3OCOR1
CHOCOR2 +
3CH3OH ⇔
CHOH +
CH3OCOR2
CH2OCOR3
CH2OH
CH3OCOR3
Triacylglycerol
(Fat and Oil)
Methanol
Glycerol
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
R4COOH +
CH3OH ⇔
H2O +
R4COOCH3
Free Fatty Acid
Methanol
Water
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
Methyl Ester Production from Oils and Fats
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

6. Biodiesel Fuel Reference
the comprehensive handbook
ISBN:
Biodiesel Fuel Reference
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

7. Traditional Base-catalytic Process
Oil
Methanol
Catalyst
Residues
Deacidification
Water
Ddehydration
Methanol
Transesterification
Separation
Upper Phase
Lower Phase
Evaporation
Evaporation
Washing
Water
Waste Glycerol
Water
Purification
Waste Water
Separation
Water
Fuel
Dehydration
Traditional Base-catalytic Process
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

8. Problems in Traditional Process
· Can't esterified Free Fatty Acid
· Need large amount of water for washing
· Need many process in purification and neutralization of fuel and waste water
· Produce by-products such as glycerol
Problems in Traditional Process
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

9. STING-process Non-Catalytic Process No Glycerol Production
Simultaneous reaction of Transesterification and crackING
The Complex Reaction of
Methanolysis, Pylolysis, Cracking, and Methlation
in Supercritical Methanol
460ºC, 20MPa, 5min
Non-Catalytic Process
No Glycerol Production
Improvement of the Fuel Characteristics
STING-process
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

10. Simultaneous Reactions
CH2OCOR1
CH2OH
CH3OCOR1
CHOCOR2 +
3CH3OH ⇔
CHOH +
CH3OCOR2
CH2OCOR3
CH2OH
CH3OCOR3
Triacylglycerol
(Fat and Oil)
Methanol
Glycerol
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Transesterification
&
Thermal Cracking
Oleic Acid
Methyle Ester +
Nonaic Acid Methyle Ester
Decanol
Simultaneous Reactions
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

11. STING-process Fuel Separation Evaporation 0.2% Glycerol Oil Methanol
Catalyst
Residues
Deacidification
Separation
Lower Phase
Washing
Water
Waste Water
Purification
Waste Glycerol
Evaporation
Upper Phase
Dehydration
Water
Ddehydration
Methanol
Reaction
Transesterification
Water
Dehydration
Fuel
STING-process
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

12. Verification Test Plant
Manual Operation
Lower Price
by Taishou rika K.K.
Verification Test Plant
by HARAKOSAN CO., Ltd.
Compact Type
Automatic Operation by 81 Co., Ltd.
Type 2
Type 1
Labo-scale
Bench-scale
STING Plants
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

13. 3,300
Production Ability: ~25 L/H
Reaction Pressure : Max. 25 MPa
Reaction Temperature : Max. 600ºC
Reaction Time: min
Power Consumption:
Start Up: 9kW
Steady State: 2~4kW
1,500 mm
1,500
1,500
Bench-scale Plant
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

14. Portable Energy Station
STING Plant
Oil
(10L)
Fuel
(11L)
Methanol
(5L)
External Power
(4L)
Standard Fuel Production Unit
Oil
(10L)
Methanol
(5L)
(4L)
STING Plant
Fuel
(8L)
Generator
(3L)
Standalone Fuel Production Unit
STING Plant
Oil
(10L)
Methanol
(5L)
Generator
(4L)
Fuel
(11L)
Electricity
(50~60kW)
Standalone CoGeneration Unit
Hot Water
Portable Energy Station
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

15. Production Costs Standard Fuel Production Unit
The trial condition
Price of Instrument: €100,000~ € 133,333 (\15,000,000~\20,000,000)
depreciate for 8 years
Power: Three-phase 200V, 9kW
Operation Condition: 24hours continuous running （Availability 90%)
Fuel Production Quantity: 6L/h　（3,888L/Month)
Standard Fuel Production Unit
Electricity Cost： €0.12/L (\ 19/L)
Depreciation Cost： €0.27/L (\ 40/L)
+ Material costs and Personnel costs
Standalone Fuel Production Unit
Electricity Cost： € 0/L (\ 0/L)
Depreciation Cost： €0.38/L (\ 57/L)
+ Material costs and Personnel costs
Standalone Cogeneration Unit
Electricity Cost： € 0/kWh (\ 0/kWh)
Depreciation Cost： €0.05/kWh (\ 7/kWh)
+ Material costs and Personnel costs
Production Costs
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007

16. · Portable Energy Station was suggested for rural area energy supply.
· STING-process is no-catalytic and no-by-product process.
· STING-process was suitable for Portable Energy Station.
· Bench-scale portable plant is now developing.
· Production costs was about € 0.4/L without material costs and personnel costs.
Conclusions
W. IIJIMA
29/Aug./2007