1. 3.1 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 3 3 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ORGANIZATIONS, MANAGEMENT, AND STRATEGY

2. 3.2 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 LEARNING OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONSIDENTIFY SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF ORGANIZATIONS ANALYZE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFO SYSTEM & ORGANIZATIONSANALYZE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFO SYSTEM & ORGANIZATIONS*

3. 3.3 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 LEARNING OBJECTIVES CONTRAST THEORIES OF ORGANIZATIONSCONTRAST THEORIES OF ORGANIZATIONS DESCRIBE DECISION PROCESSESDESCRIBE DECISION PROCESSES EVALUATE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SUPPORTING BUSINESS STRATEGYEVALUATE ROLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN SUPPORTING BUSINESS STRATEGY*

4. 3.4 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES ORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION SYSTEMSORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION SYSTEMS CHANGING ROLES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONSCHANGING ROLES OF SYSTEMS IN ORGANIZATIONS MANAGERS, DECISION MAKING & INFORMATION SYSTEMSMANAGERS, DECISION MAKING & INFORMATION SYSTEMS INFORMATION SYSTEMS & BUSINESS STRATEGYINFORMATION SYSTEMS & BUSINESS STRATEGY*

5. 3.5 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES 1. SUSTAINABILITY OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE 2. FITTING TECHNOLOGY & ORGANIZATION *

6. 3.6 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 MEDIATING FACTORS:\ Environment CultureStructure Standard Procedures politics Management Decisions Chance ORGANIZATIONS & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ORGANIZATIONS INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

7. 3.7 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 VP CEO ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL DEFINITION: STABLE, FORMAL STRUCTURE TAKES RESOURCES FROM ENVIRONMENT AND PROCESSES THEM TO PRODUCE OUTPUTSTAKES RESOURCES FROM ENVIRONMENT AND PROCESSES THEM TO PRODUCE OUTPUTS*

8. 3.8 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 TECHNICAL MICROECONOMIC DEFINITION OF ORGANIZATION OUTPUTS TO ENVIRONMENT ORGANIZATION PRODUCTION PROCESS INPUTS FROM ENVIRONMENT

9. 3.9 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 ORGANIZATION BEHAVIORAL DEFINITION: COLLECTION OF: RIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, OBLIGATIONS, RESPONSIBILITIESRIGHTS, PRIVILEGES, OBLIGATIONS, RESPONSIBILITIES DELICATELY BALANCEDDELICATELY BALANCED CONFLICT RESOLUTIONCONFLICT RESOLUTION*

10. 3.10 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 ENVIRONMENTAL RESOURCES ENVIRONMENTAL OUTPUTS FORMAL ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE: Hierarchy Division of labor Rules, Procedures PROCESS: Rights/Obligations Privileges/Responsibilities Values Norms People

11. 3.11 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ALL ORGANIZATIONS CLEAR DIVISION OF LABORCLEAR DIVISION OF LABOR HIERARCHYHIERARCHY EXPLICIT RULES & PROCEDURESEXPLICIT RULES & PROCEDURES IMPARTIAL JUDGMENTSIMPARTIAL JUDGMENTS TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONSTECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS MAXIMUM ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCYMAXIMUM ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY*

12. 3.12 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 COMMON FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONS FORMAL STRUCTUREFORMAL STRUCTURE STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURESSTANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES POLITICSPOLITICS CULTURECULTURE*

13. 3.13 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 UNIQUE FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONS ORGANIZATIONAL TYPESORGANIZATIONAL TYPES ENVIRONMENTS, GOALS, POWERENVIRONMENTS, GOALS, POWER CONSTITUENCIES, FUNCTIONCONSTITUENCIES, FUNCTION LEADERSHIP, TASKSLEADERSHIP, TASKS TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY BUSINESS PROCESSESBUSINESS PROCESSES*

14. 3.14 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES ENTREPRENEURIAL: Startup businessENTREPRENEURIAL: Startup business MACHINE BUREAUCRACY: Mid-sized manufacturing firmMACHINE BUREAUCRACY: Mid-sized manufacturing firm DIVISIONALIZED BUREAUCRACY: Fortune 500DIVISIONALIZED BUREAUCRACY: Fortune 500 PROFESSIONAL BUREAUCRACY: Law firms, hospitalsPROFESSIONAL BUREAUCRACY: Law firms, hospitals ADHOCRACY: Consulting firmADHOCRACY: Consulting firm*

15. 3.15 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 ORGANIZATION & ITS ENVIRONMENT THE SCHOOL INFORMATION SYSTEMS THE ENVIRONMENT: RESOURCES & CONSTRAINTS GOVERNMENTS COMPETITORS FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS CULTURE KNOWLEDGE TECHNOLOGY

16. 3.16 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT PROGRAMMERS: Write softwarePROGRAMMERS: Write software SYSTEMS ANALYSTS: Translate business problems into solutionsSYSTEMS ANALYSTS: Translate business problems into solutions IS MANAGERS: Department leadersIS MANAGERS: Department leaders END USERS: Department reps for whom applications are developedEND USERS: Department reps for whom applications are developed*

17. 3.17 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 THE ORGANIZATION SENIOR MANAGEMENT MAJOR END-USERS (DIVISIONS) INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEPARTMENT IT Infrastructure: Hardware Software Data Networks Information System Specialists: CIO Managers System Analysts System Developers Programmers Network Specialists Database AdministratorClerical

18. 3.18 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 HOW INFO SYSTEMS AFFECT ORGANIZATIONS MICROECONOMIC MODEL: Info technology is a factor of production, like capital & laborMICROECONOMIC MODEL: Info technology is a factor of production, like capital & labor TRANSACTION COST THEORY: Firms attempt to minimize transaction costs internally & externallyTRANSACTION COST THEORY: Firms attempt to minimize transaction costs internally & externally*

19. 3.19 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 AGENCY THEORY: Firm is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervisionAGENCY THEORY: Firm is nexus of contracts among self-interested parties requiring supervision BEHAVIORAL THEORIES: Info systems could change hierarchy of decision making; reduce need for middle management & clerical support; distribute informationBEHAVIORAL THEORIES: Info systems could change hierarchy of decision making; reduce need for middle management & clerical support; distribute information* HOW INFO SYSTEMS AFFECT ORGANIZATIONS

20. 3.20 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 IMPLEMENTING CHANGE Source: Leavitt, Handbook of Organization (1965)TASKPEOPLETECHNOLOGY STRUCTURE RESISTANCE MUTUAL ADJUST MENT

21. 3.21 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 INTERNET & ORGANIZATIONS E-mail communicationE-mail communication Electronic handbooks published & revisedElectronic handbooks published & revised Interactive training classesInteractive training classes Employees review, update personal dataEmployees review, update personal data*

22. 3.22 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 ROLE OF MANAGERS CLASSICAL: Describe functions- plan, organize, coordinate, decide, controlCLASSICAL: Describe functions- plan, organize, coordinate, decide, control BEHAVIORAL: Based on observations of managers on the jobBEHAVIORAL: Based on observations of managers on the job*

23. 3.23 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 INFO SYSTEMS, LEVELS, DECISIONS TPS OAS MIS KWS DSS ESS ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL TYPE OF DECISIONOPERATIONALKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTSTRATEGIC STRUCTURED ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE ELECTRONIC PRODUCTION SCHEDULING COST OVERRUNS SEMI-BUDGET STRUCTUREDPREPARATION PROJECT SCHEDULING FACILITY LOCATION UNSTRUCTUREDPRODUCT DESIGN NEW PRODUCTS NEW MARKETS

24. 3.24 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 STAGES OF DECISION MAKING INTELLIGENCE: Collect information; identify problemINTELLIGENCE: Collect information; identify problem DESIGN: Conceive alternatives; select criteriaDESIGN: Conceive alternatives; select criteria CHOICE: Use criteria to evaluate alternatives; selectCHOICE: Use criteria to evaluate alternatives; select IMPLEMENTATION: Put decision into effect; allocate resources; controlIMPLEMENTATION: Put decision into effect; allocate resources; control* SOURCE: Simon, The New Science of Management Decision (1960)

25. 3.25 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 RATIONAL: Comprehensive rationality; evaluate all alternativesRATIONAL: Comprehensive rationality; evaluate all alternatives SYSTEMATIC: Structured, formal methodSYSTEMATIC: Structured, formal method INTUITIVE: Trial & error, unstructured, multiple approachINTUITIVE: Trial & error, unstructured, multiple approach* INDIVIDUAL MODELS OF DECISION MAKING

26. 3.26 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 BUREAUCRATIC: Follow standard operating procedures (SOP)BUREAUCRATIC: Follow standard operating procedures (SOP) POLITICAL: Key groups compete and bargainPOLITICAL: Key groups compete and bargain “ GARBAGE CAN ” : Organizations not rational; solutions accidental“ GARBAGE CAN ” : Organizations not rational; solutions accidental* ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS OF DECISION MAKING

27. 3.27 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 BUSINESS LEVEL STRATEGY LOCK IN CUSTOMERS & SUPPLIERS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: Stockless inventories, continuous replenishment, just-in-time deliverySUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT: Stockless inventories, continuous replenishment, just-in-time delivery INTRA FIRM STRATEGY: Product differentiation, focused differentiation, low-cost producerINTRA FIRM STRATEGY: Product differentiation, focused differentiation, low-cost producer EFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE: Point-of-sale systems, dataminingEFFICIENT CUSTOMER RESPONSE: Point-of-sale systems, datamining*

28. 3.28 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 COMPETITIVE FORCES MODEL SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS & SERVICES NEW ACCADEMIC ENTRANTS SUPPLIERSCUSTOMERS SCHOOL TRADITIONAL SCHOOLS COMPETITORS EDUCATION SYSTEM

29. 3.29 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 COMPETITIVE FORCES MODEL SUBSTITUTE COURSES SERVICES NEW COURSES ENTRANTS LINK SCHOOLS STUDENT EDUCATION SET INSTITUTIONAL COMPETITORS SCHOOL 4SCHOOL 3SCHOOL 2SCHOOL 1

30. 3.30 Prof Jess Role @ UEAB 2010 INFORMATION SYSTEMS, ORGANIZATIONS, MANAGEMENT, AND STRATEGY