2.  All employees in an enterprise require information in order to complete their jobs effectively; as just as data information is valuable

3.  Managers are the most common uses of information since they are responsible for coordinating activities of subordinates and also working towards the organisations goals. Managers plan, organize lead and control the activities of an organisation.

5. Management and Organizations In today's tough and uncertain economy, a company needs strong managers to lead its staff toward accomplishing business goals. But managers are more than just leaders — they're problem solvers, cheerleaders, and planners as well. And managers don't come in one-size- fits-all shapes or forms. Managers fulfill many roles and have many different responsibilities at each level of management within an organization.

7. Managers at this level ensure that major performance objectives are established and accomplished. Common job titles for top managers include chief executive officer (CEO), chief operating officer (COO), president, and vice president. These senior managers are considered executives, responsible for the performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its significant parts.

8. Middle managers report to top managers and are in charge of relatively large departments or divisions consisting of several smaller units. Examples of middle managers include clinic directors in hospitals; deans in universities; and division managers, plant managers, and branch sales managers in businesses. Middle managers develop and implement action plans consistent with company objectives, such as increasing market presence.

9. The initial management job that most people attain is typically a first-line management position, such as a team leader or supervisor — a person in charge of smaller work units composed of hands- on workers. Job titles for these first-line managers vary greatly, but include such designations as department head, group leader, and unit leader. First-line managers ensure that their work teams or units meet performance objectives, such as producing a set number of items at a given quality, that are consistent with the plans of middle and top management.

10. Marketing Management Function: Generates income from sales and is responsible for managing the marketing process Financial Management Function: This is responsible for the acquisition, utilization and control of the funds necessary for running the business. The main activities here are the acquisition and application of funds for the profitability, liquidity, solvency and continuity of the organization Purchasing Management Function: This function ensures that the materials necessary for production are bought at the right places, at the right times, in the right quantities and at the right prices. Production Management Function: This focuses on the internal capabilities of the organisation rather than on the desires and needs of the marketplace.

11. Human Resource Management Function: Pertains to the acquisition, training, utilization and retaining of a sufficient number of competent personnel Public Relations Management Function: Maintains and cultivates a favour able and objective image of the organization among those whose opinion is important to the achievement of the business objectives. General Management Function: This function includes the activities of persons in managerial positions. These persons in top, middle and lower management have to plan for, organize, lead and control the organisation as a whole, as well as its individual functions. The general manager is at the head of the management team.  Information function: Makes available income from sales and is responsible for managing the marketing process.

12. Management Information Systems (MIS) – Provide reports and displays to managers – Example: daily sales analysis reports Decision Support Systems (DSS) – Provide interactive ad hoc support for decision making – Example: A what-if-analysis to determine where to spend advertising dollars Executive Information Systems (EIS) – Provide critical information for executives and managers – Example: easy access to actions of competitors

13.  Expert Systems  Provide expert advice  Example: credit application advisor  Knowledge Management Systems  Support creation, organization and dissemination of business knowledge throughout company  Example: Intranet access to best business practices