1. Continuously Enhancing the Skill Base of Crew On Board Minerva Alfonso UK Regional Manager London, 30 May 2007

2. Presentation I.Introduction II.Tanker Fleet Performance III.Incident Analysis - focus on the Human Element in Shipping IV.Importance of training and the benefits of on-board Computer Based Training (CBT)

3. The International Association of Independent Tanker Owners Membership: 250 + members representing > 80% of the independent oil tanker fleet and > 85% of the chemical carrier fleet, with strict membership criteria 300 + associate members in oil and chemical tanker related businesses

4. INTERTANKO Services INTERTANKO represents and promotes the interests of responsible oil and chemical tanker owners worldwide and provides members with technical, operational, legal, documentary and other support services, information and advice

5. Management Committee Council Executive Committee Annual General Meeting Shipowner Issues Sub-Committee Q-Quest Sub-Committee Chemical Tanker Sub- Committee Americas Bunker Sub-Committee Chemical Tanker Committee (CTC) Associate Members Committee Insurance & Legal Committee Documentary Committee Environmental Committee Human Element Committee Short Sea Tanker Group IT Committee Offshore Tanker Committee Safety, Technical & Environmental Committee (ISTEC) Worldscale Committee Vetting Committee ASIAN REGIONAL PANEL HELLENIC FORUM LATIN AMERICAN PANEL NORTH AMERICAN PANEL ORGANISATION 14 issue driven Committees & 4 Regional Panels

6. MISSION “Provide leadership to the Tanker Industry in serving the world with the safe, environmentally sound and efficient seaborne transportation of oil, gas and chemical products.” VISION for the TANKER INDUSTRY “A responsible, sustainable and respected Tanker Industry, committed to continuous improvement and constructively influencing its future.” Mission and Vision

7. Commitment to Continuous Improvement Primary Goals Lead the continuous improvement of the Tanker Industry’s performance in striving to achieve the goals of: Zero fatalities Zero pollution Zero detentions

8. TANKER FLEET PERFORMANCE

9. Seaborne Crude Oil Flows 2005

10. Source: ITOPF. Number of spills above 700 tonnes. Record of Oil Spills

11. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1971-751975-801981-751986-901991-951996-002001-05 Pollution from tankers Tonnes / billion tonne mile Tanker accidental pollution rate tonnes spilt per bn tonne miles trade Source: ITOPF spills, Fearnleys: Tonne miles

12. Tanker incidents by cause 1978-2006 Number incidents Source: INTERTANKO/Informa

13. ANALYSIS OF RECENT INCIDENT DATA

14. Inter-Industry Group The Inter-Industry Group consists of: INTERTANKO International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) Oil Companies’ International Marine Forum (OCIMF) European Chemical Industry Council (CEFIC) International Association of Classification Societies (IACS), The International Group of P&I Clubs (IG) International Parcel Tankers Association (IPTA).

15. IIG Conclusions The primary cause of these incidents could be attributed to the failure of the crew to follow procedures.

16. Recommendations To find solutions to the primary cause of the incidents, i.e. the Human Element Application of Inert Gas to new oil tankers of less than 20,000 DWT and new chemical tankers.

17. Det norske Veritas Analysis of Incidents reduction in the general level of experience as ships were crewed with more new recruits, retention rates declined and people were promoted faster. Loss of experience among crews was also a “stress factor” for those who continually had to train new crew members.

18. Tanker contracting $ bn m dwt VLCC 13. 4 $ bn Suezmax: 5.9 ” Aframax: 8.8 ” Panamax: 2.8 ” Handy: 22.9 ” (43%) Source: INTERTANKO/Clarkson Shipyard Monitor

19. INTERTANKO Human Element in Shipping Committee Will consider the attraction, training and retention of seafarers examine i.a. the interaction of the human element with aspects of ship design and operation, the development of enhanced compliance cultures, etc.

20. On board Computer Based Training (CBT)

21. What is CBT The term Computer Based Training covers a broad range of programs which vary from: simple “power point” style more sophisticated and interactive programs / simulators.

22. CBT’s in use onboard The most common CBT’s used on board today are of the “power point presentation” type

23. How does CBT stimulate learning We can simplify the ingredients of learning as: Memorising Understanding Doing M. U. D.

24. Knowledge Transfer THE most important element in any CBT is the information it can transfer to the learner THE CONTENT

25. Accreditation Approval or accreditation of courses that use CBT is done by some Maritime Administrations for a limited number of subjects related to STCW competencies.

26. Challenges for Accrediting Authorities It takes a great deal of time and effort to verify both the functionality of a CBT and the validity of its content. Consequently the number of courses that are currently approved by a qualified authority is rather small – but growing.

27. Advantages of CBT Learner- centred Trainees can learn a task or procedure without suffering the consequences of getting it wrong CBT is a more cost effective means of training Consistency of knowledge transfer Flexibility

28. Advantages of CBT When used on board, the learner is accessing CBT’s close to the point where acquired skills will be applied thereby facilitating knowledge transfer. It is particularly suited to Type Specific Training.

29. Advantages of CBT There is a growing body of evidence which supports the view that CBT programs can have a positive influence on safety, environmental awareness and operational proficiency.

30. Advantages of CBT The time-consuming tasks such as marking and record keeping are performed by the program. A particular advantage in a working environment where senior personnel are already heavily burdened with other administrative tasks.

31. CBT and Competence Management Maintaining a record of all learning events is an integral part of any competence Management System. CBT programs are able to record computer based learning events and assessment results automatically. Where a company invests in their own ship specific CBT’s they not only develop a training tool but create an inventory of specialised knowledge required for the safe and efficient operation of their fleet.

32. Computer Based Assessment Computer based assessment provides an effective means of monitoring competence both during service aboard as well as ashore. More sophisticated programs provide a comprehensive record of training and assessment and functions that allow results to be analysed from which training needs can be ascertained.

33. Computer Based Assessment A deficiency in critical knowledge is identified A deficiency in critical knowledge is identified

34. Measuring the Benefits Many shore based industries have embraced CBT and various studies indicate that learning objectives are achieved more quickly with CBT compared to conventional instructor led training.

35. CBT On Board As part of a blend of learning events, integrated into a properly managed competence development system, CBT should be able to deliver measurable results in safety and operational proficiency, and cost savings.

36. INTERTANKO Initiatives INTERTANKO encourages its members to provide cadet berths on their ships, and to provide for such accommodation when designing newbuildings. The Association encourages the provision of training facilities on ships – desks, chairs, manuals, DVD equipment. encourages members who have not used onboard CBT as a learning tool to evaluate the free, trial disks available from the Secretariat

37. THANK YOU www.intertanko.com www.themaritimefoundation.com www.shippingfacts.com