1. Project Management

2. Acronyms: SEPM: Software Engineering Project Management
SPM: Software Project Manager
PM: Project Manager
SPMP: Software Project Management Plan

3. Objectives of SEPM
Delivery of a product that reliably performs specified functions developed within cost and schedule
Real world:
May not have specification
Relative importance of cost/time/specs is ambiguous
Cost/schedule/spec changes during project
The contract under discussion may not embody all of the strategic goals of the enterprise
The contract under discussion may not embody all of the goals of the PM

4. Definitions
Project Management: a system of procedures, practices, technologies, skills, and experience needed to manage a project:
Planning: determine course of actions
Organizing: Determine work to be done and partition into units
Staffing: Select and train people
Leading: Motivate people to achieve objectives
Controlling: Evaluate accomplishment of tasks

5. 1. Planning Specify goals and objectives for project
Specify strategies, policies, plans for achieving goals
Process:
Set objectives: identify tasks and resources needed
Develop policies (provide guides for decision making)
Forecast future and anticipate events. Assess risk
Analyze alternatives including planning for subcontractors, if applicable
Prepare budgets: Need cost estimation
Develop project plan

6. 2. Organizing Identify project functions, activities, and tasks
Describe organization of project team and identify dependence on external groups
Select project management structure for monitoring, coordinating, and communicating
Create position descriptions and define responsibilities and qualifications

7. 3. Staffing Fill positions Assimilate new personnel
Educate and train personnel
Evaluate personnel
Compensate personnel

8. Filling Positions
This is perhaps the most important part of project management
Consider
Intelligence, education, skills
Character, personality

9. Assimilation and Education
Ensure staff are familiar with project objectives and schedules
Education: teaches basic principles and theory (long term)
Training: teaches a specific skill to use, operate, or make something (short term)
Projects require training; Organizations require education.

10. 4. Leading Provide vision and direction
Create effective work environment
Motivate personnel
Supervise and coordinate personnel and activities
Resolve conflicts
Handle changes

11. 5. Controlling Ensure the project goes according to plan Set goals
Monitor
Measure results
Initiate corrective actions
Reward and discipline

12. Creating a Project Plan
Task list; work breakdown schedule
Resources
Network of tasks

13. Task list Precursors to the task The output of the task
The resources required to complete the task
End of task (milestone)

14. Work Decomposition Q: How to you eat an elephant? Need Define
requirements/objectives
Size
Database
Estimate
size
Produce conceptual
design
Productivity
Database
Estimate
resources
Subdivide work into manageable units
Produce
schedule
Resources
Pool
Identify risks
Develop
Product
Size, Resource
Schedule Data
Process
Analysis
Sequence project activities
Product
Tracking Reports
Q: How to you eat an elephant?

15. Work Decomposition A: With a work breakdown structure, of course WBS
... is “an enumeration of all work activities in hierarchic refinements of detail, which organizes work to be done into short, manageable tasks, with quantifiable inputs, outputs, schedules, and assigned responsibilities” [Tausworthe 80]

16. Work Breakdown Structure
…provides a framework from which
the total project is described as a summation of elements
planning can be performed
costs and budgets can be estimated
time, cost, and performance can be tracked
status can be reported
work assignments established
tasks of interest to project management are identified and measured [Boehm 81]

17. Work Decomposition Level Description 1 Project 2 Phase 3 Subphase
Total program 1 2 3 4 5 6
Level Description
1 Project
2 Phase
3 Subphase
4 Task group
5 Task
Subtask
Project1
Project2
Projectn
Task1
Task2
Taskx
Subtask1
Subtask2
Subtasky
Work Pkg1
Work Pkg2
Work Pkgz
Level of Effortw
Level of Effort2
Level of Effortw

18. Sample Standard WBS 0000 Entire System 1000 Product 2000 Training
1100 Subsystem 1
1110 Component 1
1111 Requirements Analysis
1112 Design
1113 Code and unit test
1114 Module integration test
1115 Formal qualification test
1116 Problem resolution
1117 Documentation
1118 Formal review
1120 Component 2
...
11X0 Component X
11Z0 Integration test
1200 Subsystem 2
1X00 Subsystem X
1Y00 Integration test
2000 Training
2100 Equipment
2200 Services
2300 Facilities
3000 Support equipment
3100 Organizational
3200 Depot
4000 Systems test and eval
4100 Development test and eval
4200 Operational test and eval
4300 Mockups
4400 Test and evaluation equipment
4500 Test facilities

19. Sample Standard WBS-2 5000 System project management
5100 Engineering support
5110 Configuration management
5111 CM plan
5112 Configuration item identification
5113 Configuration audit
5114 Configuration status accounting
5120 Quality assurance
5121 QA plan
5122 Process identification
5123 Process control
5124 QA audits
5125 QA status accounting
5200 Project management
5210 Planning
5240 Staffing
5250 Directing
5260 Controlling
6000 Deployment
6100 Technical support
6200 Site construction
6300 Site conversion

20. Sample Standard WBS-3 Entire System Product Training Support Equipment
Test
Mgmt
Deployment
1100 Subsystem 1
1X00 Subsystem X
1Y00 Integration test
5100 Systems engineering
5200 Project management
3100 Organizational
3200 Depot
4100 Development test and eval
4200 Operational test and eval
4300 Mockups
4400 Test and evaluation equipment
4500 Test facilities
6100 Technical support
6200 Site construction
6300 Site conversion
2100 Equipment
2200 Services
2300 Facilities

21. WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE DICTIONARY Associated Lower Level Elements
WBS dictionary
Project number:
Date:
WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE DICTIONARY
Sheet Of
WBS level
Element Designator & Title: 1000 Satellite Software X
Element Description
The compete flyaway software for the XYZ communications satellite.
WBS level
Associated Lower Level Elements
Designator & Title
X 1100 Bird health and status subsystem X 1200 Navigation subsystem X 1300 Communications subsystem

22. Mapping the WBS Project X Component1 Component2 Analysis Design
Code & unit test
Intgr test
Qual test
Analysis
Design
Code & unit test
Intgr test
Qual test

23. Task Assignment Record
Team ______
Assigned By
Assigned To
Date Assigned
Date Due
Assignment Description
Date Submitted*
* both parties should initial

24. Project Meeting Record
Team ________
Meeting number:
Type of meeting:
Date:
Start time:
Duration:
Participant Roles
Facilitator:
Recorder:
Timekeeper:
Role: _________________
Subject/Meeting Objective:
Attachments:
Summary of Covered Topics
Summary of Decisions
Summary of Conclusions
Summary of Next Steps
Items for Future Consideration
Other: _________________________
Meeting’s Overall Score:
Comments:
Unproductive Productive
Next Meeting:
Date: ______________ Time: ___________ Location: _____________________
Subject/Meeting Objective:

25. Example Roles Functioning Explainer of ideas or procedures Recorder
Encourager of participation
Clarifier/Paraphraser
Formulating
Summarizer
Checker of understanding
Elaborator
Fermenting
Criticizer of ideas, not people
Asker of Justification
Differentiator
Prober
Reality tester

26. Project Meeting Record
Team ________
Attachments:
Summary of Covered Topics
Summary of Decisions
Summary of Conclusions
Summary of Next Steps
Items for Future Consideration
Other: _________________________
Meeting’s Overall Score:
Comments:
Unproductive Productive
Next Meeting:
Date: ______________ Time: ___________ Location: _____________________
Subject/Meeting Objective:

27. Project Meeting Record
Team ________
Attachments:
Summary of Covered Topics
Summary of Decisions
Summary of Conclusions
Summary of Next Steps
Items for Future Consideration
Other: _________________________
Meeting’s Overall Score:
Comments:
Unproductive Productive
Next Meeting:
Date: ______________ Time: ___________ Location: _____________________
Subject/Meeting Objective:

28. Resources Time People Equipment When are they available?
How much of each is needed?

29. Network of Tasks How are all the tasks related?
What is the critical path?
What are the milestones?
Gantt charts, PERT charts

30. Gantt Charts

31. Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) Charts7 4 7 6 10 5

32. Do’s and Don’ts of management
Use metrics
Measure how long it takes, then use it to estimate in the future
Be realistic
Do you have enough time? Will the outsiders produce the needed product?
Allow preliminary design: adjust plan
Can’t say how long until you fully understand the problem.
Don’t accept arbitrary plans
“We need the new accounting system in 3 months”
Can’t say how long to build a house, but can say how long to build a 3 bedroom, two story, 2000sq ft, with two baths and garage, in Kern Place.