1. Science, Technology and Innovation Indicators: Trends and Challenges in Croatia by Emira Becic, Ph.D. Ministry of Science, Education and Sports Republic of Croatia wbc-inco.net Training Workshop:ERA Indicators and WBC 2-3 October 2008, Belgrade

2. Structure of presentation I. Challenges for Measurement II. Role of indicators III. Users and Demands IV. Main Topics: GBOARD, HRST, CIS, CDH, ICT V. S&T and Innovation indicators:Quick analysis VI. Future ongoing activities

3. I. Challenges for Measurement Globalisations The Knowledge-based Economy towards a Sustainable Knowledge Society: EU innovation gap with Japan and the US Internationalisation of R&D Science policy: towards improving current state of art Accessing Croatia to EU: Statistics

4. Other legal R&D entities GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA National Science Council Ministry of Science, Education and Sports (MSES) PRIVATE SECTOR Agency for Science and Higher Education (ASHE) Technological Council BICRO RAZUM, TEHCro VENCro IRCro, CONCro National Science Foundation (NZZ) Croatian Chamber of Commerce National Competitiveness Council Croatian Agency for Small Businesses (HAMAG) Trade and Investment Promotion Agency Centre for SME policy (CEPOR) Croatian Employers Association (HUP) Public institutesUniversities Scientific committess (1-6) Ministry of Economy, Labour and Entrepreneurship (MELE) IPR UNIT STP PROJEKT Supporting programmes for SME development SCIENCE AND HIGHER EDUCATION POLICY Directorate of ScienceThe SMEs and Cooperatives Division National Council for Higher Education POLICY OF SMEs AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP INDUSTRAL POLICY AND POLICY OF ENTREPRENERSHIP PUBLIC SECTOR Technological and development centers Information support (CARnet Technical infrastructure: patents, standards, statistical data,...) INOVATION POLICY CROATIAN INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGY Development of entrepreneurial infrastructure Enrepreneurial centres Regional development agencies Business incubators Free economic zones Entrepreneurial zones Commercial institutes Corporate institutes REGIONAL/LOCAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES ICT incubator Varaždin Regional development agencies Regional chamber of commerce Technology park Zagreb… R&D and Innovation System

5. SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY POLICY 2006 – 2010 October 2005 – National Council for Science adopted a new strategic document for the development of science and technology. Main goals: Stimulating scientific excellence and enabling the transfer of knowledge and results of scientific discoveries to industry and business Increasing competitiveness of the Croatian economy Generating sustainable economic growth and productivity

6. II. Role of Indicators Relevant information for policymakers in their deliberation Indicate priority setting Provide knowledge which S&T policy can impact on the socio- economic objectives Reflect past trends, trends performance and current performance Contribute to understanding the current environment Guide the development of future STI and RTD policies Comparison according to the different goals…e.g. international comparison…..and so on.

7. II. Role of Indicators: The EU STI statistics-R&D statistics Statistics on Science, Technology and Innovation are mainly reffering to the Lisbon and Barcelona European Council conclusions emphasising the needs for boosting the overal R&D and innovation efforts in the EU. (with reference mainly to R&D, a series of subesquent Commission Communications were released: More Research for Europe – towards 3% of GDP, Investing in research, an action plan for Europe,Women and Science – Mobilising women to enrich European research or Researchers in the European Research area: on profession, multiple carreers and so on.) At European level, R&D statistics are one of the cornerstone of Statistics on Science, Technology and Innovation. They provide basic information for the follow-up of the Lisbon/Barcelona European Council conclusions and for the subsequent newly established strategy on growth and employment. The output of R&D statistics producing main indicators amongst the EU Structural Indicators contribute to measuring the progress of the Lisbon/Barcelona process. R&D statistics are becoming increasingly internationaly harmonised (questionnaire and methodology; and comparability).BUT further progress needs to follow related to the more user needs: e.g. with regard to better measurement of the internationalisation of R&D, better data on EU regions R&D and so on).

8. III. USERS and their DEMANDS Type of Users Politicians Government Parliament S&T decision policy makers Local authorities Scientific community Business sector Society International organizations NGOs Demands Up-to-date, key indicators by policy-relevant categories Long time series, detailed statistics, comparable indicators by research views General overview, detailed information on their own sector and connecting sectors Mass media, inquiry ranking nations by competitiveness, searching co-operation partners, knowledge of global tendencies

9. IV. Main Topics: GBAORD, HRST, CIS, CDH, ICT statistics GBAORD (improvement of R&D methodology according to the Frascati Manual, 2002) CIS (Oslo manual; Innovation statistics useful data of the innovation activities of enterprises) CDH (Careers of Doctorate Holders statistics) ICT statistics (3 pilot surveys, 2007: Computers and the Internet in households and enterprises; ICT expenditure by type of product) HRST (ISCED 1997; The ESTAT-CLFS, The ESTAT NewCronos; Canberra Manual)

10. Primary STI statistical sources in Croatia: R&D Survey Community Innovation Survey (CIS) Labour Force Survey (LFS) Education Statistics Population Survey National Patent Office

11. V. S&T and Innovation indicators: Croatia and WBC Research and development High-tech industry and knowledge-intensive services BUT….lack of data: Community innovation survey Patent statistics Human Resources in Science & Technology Information society statistics

12. Total intramural R&D expenditure (GERD) as a percentage of GDP by sectors of performance, 2006 INPUT – Knowledge creation Source: Eurostat, R&D statistics ME, MK*: 2004;s – Eurostat estimate; ( … ) - data not available GERDBERDHERDGOVERDPNPS EU 271.84 s1.17s0.41 s0.25 s0.02 s HR0.870.32 0.230.0 BG0.480.120.050.310.0 RO0.450,220.080.150,01 MK*0.25………… ME1.09………… TR0.580.210.30,07…

13. High-tech exports OUTPUT - Application High-tech exports- Exports of high technology products as a share of total exports Source: Eurostat, High-tech statistics 20052006 EU2718.7818.65 HR7.966.8 BG2.913.34 RO3.113.85 MK0.790.78 TR1.351.38

14. R&D statistics: current improvements Introduced internationaly harmonised R&D statistics questionnaire used by Eurostat and the OECD - common module and two specific modules (related to the Commission Regulation on S&T statistics No 753/2004) EUROSTAT R&D Questionnaire (Edition 2005); and, CORE Questionnaire (Requested by both OECD_ MSTI and ESTAT_CR on S&T) Frascati Manual 2002, Improvements: Coverage (no limitations concerning enterprises size) Private non profit sector added New attributes added (size of the enterprises - less than 10 employees) New extended list of industry groups for enterprises

15. Innovation statistics: CIS CBS of Croatia provided two surveys about INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN CROATIAN ENTERPRISES (CIS3, CIS4): CIS 3 - Pilot survey,2005 for the period 2001-2003 CIS 4, 2008 compulsory survey for the period 2004-2006 within the frame PHARE Multicountry Programme (February 2007- February 2008) through technical assistance. CIS4 - Data are processing result of the survey on innovative activities of enterprises conducted within the period 2004-2006 on the sample of 3 998 enterprises. The survey was conducted for the first time in the Central Bureau of Statistics as a part of multi-user Phare 2005 Programme. Indicators e.g.: The share of enterprises with innovative activities in Croatian economy 2004 -2006 is 27.7%.(2001-2003 was 37,3%). Innovative enterprises are more frequent in the industrial sector with over 37% (37.3%) than in the service sector where innovative enterprises make less than 1:4 (22.8%). Source: CBS, First Release No. 8.2.2.,available on: http://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htmhttp://www.dzs.hr/default_e.htm

16. Innovation performance: EIS, 2007

17. ICT statistics CBS of Croatia conducted 3 ICT - pilot surveys in 2007: Computers and the Internet in households Computers and the Internet in enterprises; ICT expenditure by type of product

18. VI. Future activities Introduce CIS survey for 2006-2008, in 2009 - through technical assistance within Phare 2006 GBOARD (2009) - data collection from all government bodies (government budget side, all fiscal levels) - different view regarding the R&D survey where data are collected from users HRST - using existing surveys as sources: LFS, higher education statistics; CDH survey (2007)- Careers of doctorate holders statistics Introduce: ICT statistics, Patent statistics, HighTech statistics

19. Main problems: some of them…? Lack of trained statisticians generaly and in the field (quality of provided data) Administrative capacities (lack of staff with skills for work in statistics) Lack of public understanding about role of ST&I statistics

20. Thank you for your attention! emira.becic@mzos.hr