1. 9.2 Early Challenges Layout Part 1 (1 day): Conflict at Home
Whiskey Rebellion
NW territory conflict
Part 2 (2 days): Conflict with Europe
French Revolution
British Impressment
Washington’s Legacy

2. The Whiskey Rebellion
1791, Congress imposed a tax on all whiskey made and sold in the USA
Hamilton hoped it would help ease debt
Farmers and common people compared it to the tea tax from Britain and thought it was oppressive
Became a violent protest known as the Whiskey Rebellion
Washington sent 13,000 militia to put down the rebellion and they scattered

3. Significance of the Whiskey Rebellion
Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?
Demonstrated the federal government’s legitimacy and strength
Whiskey Rebellion Video Clip

5. Conflict in the Northwest territory
Context: Settlers were moving into the Northwest Territory that had been won from the British as of 1783.
The British had promised to leave, but a decade later, they were still there and supplying American Indians with firearms to harass settlers

6. Conflict in the Northwest territory
Americans viewed the settling of this territory as a necessary step in building America’s long term power
The Gov had purchased a lot of land in this area (Kentucky and Tennessee) from Native Americans in the past, but the N.A. in the Northwest Territory refused to sell.

7. Conflict in the Northwest territory
1790s- Washington sent a military force to engage the American Indians who were attacking settlers
Native Americans won the first two attempts at removal (Little Turtle of Miami and Blue Jacket of Shawnee),
Third try: Washington sent Anthony Wayne, a Revolutionary War hero.

8. Conflict in the Northwest territory
Anthony Wayne led the third attack against the Native Americans
Won the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August of 1794
This was the battle that broke the Native American hold on the Northwest
Treaty of Grenville 1795
Native Americans lost their territory that is now most of the state of Ohio

9. 9.2 Day 2- Conflict with Europe
Part 2 Day 1:
Introducing the French Revolution
Part 2 Day 2:
America reacts to the FR
British Impressment
Washington’s Legacy

10. DO NOW day 1: I see, I think, I wonder

11. Important Questions What was the French Revolution?
What were the two American perspectives regarding the French Revolution and the French conflict with Great Britain?

12. What is foreign policy?
a policy pursued by a nation in its dealings with other nations, designed to achieve national objectives.
What was going on at the time?
Expansion into American Indian occupied Northwest Territory
FRENCH REVOLUTION (today’s focus)

13. Summary of French Revolution?
The French Revolution was the popular overthrow of the French King Louis XVI.
The Revolution spiraled out of control and became very divisive in France.
The Revolutionaries who had seized the government had the idea to unite the country by fighting a war with Britain.

14. Two views on the FR emerge in US
Two views: (two political parties)
Democratic Republican view
Support the French, not the British
Federalist view
Support the British, not the French

15. DEMOCRATIC REPUBLICAN VIEW OF FRENCH REVOLUTION
Republicans like Jefferson thought that the American Revolution and the French Revolution were one and the same cause.
They thought liberty was a global cause, not exclusive to one nation’s independence.
Republicans side with the idea of liberty as it is represented within the revolutionary French state in contrast to the order that Great Britain represents.
Idealistic rather than practical.
Video

16. FEDERALIST VIEW OF FRENCH REVOLUTION
Tied to Federalist preference of Great Britain as a governing role model
Federalists favored an alliance with Great Britain as the nation that was most likely to promote commerce and investment in the United States
Federalists also believed that the government of Great Britain stood as a strong model of constitutional order, as opposed to what they saw as the radicalism of the French Revolution.
Again, we see Federalists side with the idea of ORDER as it is represented within the state of Great Britain, as opposed to the unpredictability of France.
Practical rather than idealistic.

17. The French revolution takes a turn for the worst
When the French Revolution became excessively violent, many Americans turned from supporting it
This period is known as the “Reign of Terror”
Over 40,000 people who were accused of not being committed to the revolution were sent to the guillotine from
Drained support for French Revolution in the US

18. Reign of Terror

19. What was Washington's policy regarding the French revolution
Video
Like most Federalists (Hamilton, Adams, etc), Washington wanted to stay free of foreign alliances especially regarding France.
He did not want to anger Britain by siding with France.
The French argued that their alliance was still valid. Washington disagreed, saying the alliance was made with the former King and therefore nullified when they killed him.

20. France declares war on Britain and several other European states, 1793
Included Holy Roman Empire, Spain, Portugal, Dutch Republic
France declared war on these European powers in an effort to UNITE THE FRENCH POPULATION
Many French opposed the Revolution and new government.
The new government thought a foreign war would unite the nation

21. How does America respond?
France wants the US to join the French side, but US, under Washington wants to remain neutral
US wants to continue trading with both French and British
British and French both feared the US trading with their enemy
Both sides began seizing American ships

22. Seizing of American Ships
British and French both seized American ships in an effort to stop the trading
British began a policy of impressment
Impressment- seizing the sailors and forcing them to serve in the British Navy
Hamilton urged peace with Brtiain
British purchased 75% of American exports, 90% American imports
John Jay was sent to make a treaty with Britain to protect relations

23. The Jay Treaty The Jay Treaty with Britain 1795
US agreed to pay debts long owed to Britain
Britain agreed to pay for the ships they seized
Agreed to withdraw troops from Northwest Territory and stop aiding Native Americans
Britain refused to:
Stop impressing sailors
Recognize US right to trade with France

24. The Jay Treaty
Treaty was ratified but was received with mixed emotions
On one hand, it did not get Britain to stop impressing US sailors
However, its success was that it solidified US trade relations with Britain which were very important for the recovering economy.

25. Jay Treaty/ Pinckney Treaty
Jay Treaty preserved relations with Britain.
Spain became worried US and GB would work together against Spanish colonies of Florida and Louisiana.
US sent Thomas Pinckney to smooth things over.
1795 Pinckney Treaty- Gave US free navigation of Mississippi River and the right to trade at New Orleans
Good for economy and relations with Spain

26. Washington’s Farewell Speech
Warned against:
Entangling Alliances (preached isolationism)
Political Parties

27. Washington’s Achievements and legacy
1. Washington created a strong federal government with credibility and authority
2. The economy was improving due to Hamilton’s plan
3. Washington avoided foreign conflicts and wars
AVOID ENTANGLING ALLIANCES
ENTANGLING: cause to become twisted together with or caught in.
How might alliances or conflicts be entangling?
4. The British had been forced to leave their forts in the Northwest Territory, an area that was now safe for settlement.