1. 1 SPACE AND COST NORMS FOR BUILDINGS AS MANAGEMENT TOOL IN HIGHER EDUCATION Gert Steyn Stellenbosch University

2. 2 Some scenes at our campus

3. 3 Contents 1.Some definitions and concepts 2.Space norms 3.Building cost norms 5. Some applications of space and cost norms in HE management

4. 4 Relationship between Higher Education activities and space-use categories Activities Space-use categories Instruction Classrooms Research Class/Open Laboratories Public Service Research/ Non-class Laboratories Academic Support Offices Student Services Study facilities Institutional Support Special/General- use facilities Operation & Maintenance Health Care facilities Bursaries Residential Space Auxilliary Enterprises Hospitals Independent Operations

5. 5 Study Fields Course Levels Lower (Years 1-4) Higher: Non Research Research Assignable square metres Actual areas on all floors of a building assigned to, or available for, assignment to an occupant or specific use. Excluded from assignable areas are spaces used for building service, as well as for circulation, mechanical and structural purposes.

6. 6 Generation of Assignable Square Metres (ASM) by FTE students

7. 7 Some formulas in calculating space norms

8. 8 Translating 1ASM Space to Building Cost Units Space-use category Number of Cost Units Office space 1.00 Classroom space 1.50 Class/Open Lab. Space (Study field specific) Research/Non-class lab. 1.70 Study space 1.10 Special/general-use space (Activity specific) Health care space 1.00 Residential 1.05 Value of 1 building cost unit in June 2007 = R9790 (based on building cost index published monthly)

9. 9 Norm provision for building space and building cost units for a South African university: Formal Instruction

10. 10 Norm provision for building space and building cost units for a South African university: All programmes (activities)

11. 11 Some further scenes from our campus

12. 12 Application of space and cost norms in HE management 1.Determining the norm provision (ASM and building cost units) for a HE institution. 2.Optimal allocation of ASM to academic units (departments/schools/faculties) in a HE institution. 3.Calculation of surpluses/backlogs in HE system (See case study RSA in 1987) to facilitate state funding of new buildings at HE institutions.

13. 13 Application of space and cost norms in HE management (cont ) 4.Capital provision formula based on building cost norms to facilitate the provision of for new buildings as a result of student growth. 5.Annual funding building maintenance at a HE institution. The 1.33% rule. 6.International Benchmarking: e.g. ASM per FTE student.

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