1. Presented By: Thomas Floyd & Carley Crosby “ one is not born but rather becomes a woman”

2. A little Family Info. Full name is Simone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir Full name is Simone-Ernestine-Lucie-Marie Bertrand de Beauvoir Born January 9, 1908 into a bourgeois (middle class) family. Born January 9, 1908 into a bourgeois (middle class) family. Born to parents Georges Bertrand De Beauvoir and Francoise Brasseau. Born to parents Georges Bertrand De Beauvoir and Francoise Brasseau. Raised in a strict traditional Christian upbringing provided by her mother. Raised in a strict traditional Christian upbringing provided by her mother. Ernestine and Lucie were the names of her grandmothers. Marie was given to her by her mother it was “ Her Christian name” to honour the Virgin Mary Ernestine and Lucie were the names of her grandmothers. Marie was given to her by her mother it was “ Her Christian name” to honour the Virgin Mary Her father had a major influence on Simone’s intellect for litertature. He provided her with great works and pieces to read, and encouraged her to start reading at a young age. Her father had a major influence on Simone’s intellect for litertature. He provided her with great works and pieces to read, and encouraged her to start reading at a young age. Simone’s mother encouraged Simone to grow up and be a mother and wife. Instead Simone was always interested in pursing her studies and becoming a writer and teacher. Simone’s mother encouraged Simone to grow up and be a mother and wife. Instead Simone was always interested in pursing her studies and becoming a writer and teacher.

3. Backround At the age of 14, Simone had crisis of faith and there decided that there was definitely no God. Since then she remained and atheist until her death. At the age of 14, Simone had crisis of faith and there decided that there was definitely no God. Since then she remained and atheist until her death. She attended an all girls Private Catholic Institute ( Institut Adeline Desir) until the age of 17. She attended an all girls Private Catholic Institute ( Institut Adeline Desir) until the age of 17.  This is where she met her closest friend Elizabeth Mabille (Zaza). Her death in 1929 had a profoundly great impact on Simone’s future thoughts and views society.  Simone’s rejection of catholic religion was the primary source of her wanting to pursue and teach philosophy.  She considered marriage to her cousin Jacques Champigneulle. After that she never thought about the possibility of marriage and preferred to live her life as an intellectual.  At 21 years of age, Beauvoir was the youngest student ever to pass the agrégation in philosophy and thus became the youngest philosophy teacher in France. Studies: Studies: Mathematics at Institut Catholique and literature Mathematics at Institut Catholique and literature languages at the Institut Sainte-Marie (French literature and latin) languages at the Institut Sainte-Marie (French literature and latin) Studying philosophy at the Sorbonne Studying philosophy at the Sorbonne Certificates: Certificates: History of Philosophy, General Philosophy, Greek, and Logic (1927) History of Philosophy, General Philosophy, Greek, and Logic (1927) Ethics, Sociology, and Psychology. (1928) Ethics, Sociology, and Psychology. (1928)

4. Major Influences on Philosophy The death of her closest friend Elizabeth Mabille (Zaza) in 1929. Death was believed to be meningitis, though Simone believed it was over a broken heart. A struggle with the family over an arranged marriage. From then on Simone started to critize the rigid Bourgeouis attitude towards women. Created feminist view and social justice. The death of her closest friend Elizabeth Mabille (Zaza) in 1929. Death was believed to be meningitis, though Simone believed it was over a broken heart. A struggle with the family over an arranged marriage. From then on Simone started to critize the rigid Bourgeouis attitude towards women. Created feminist view and social justice. Her crisis with faith at the age of 14 which created her atheist view and desire to learn and teach philosophy. Her crisis with faith at the age of 14 which created her atheist view and desire to learn and teach philosophy. World War 2. World War 2. Her visit to the United States and viewing the social problems ranging from class inequalities and racism Her visit to the United States and viewing the social problems ranging from class inequalities and racism Her embrace for communism and critism of French colonization. Her embrace for communism and critism of French colonization. Her romance Nelson Algren. Simone wrote about his personal life Her romance Nelson Algren. Simone wrote about his personal life

5. Influences Cont..  Her colleague, lover and friend Jean-Paul Satre. Simone did the exact thing in which she advised woman not to do. She allowed for Jean-Paul Satre take credits for her efforts. The love triangle between herself, Jean-Paul Satre and her student Olga Kosakiewicz The love triangle between herself, Jean-Paul Satre and her student Olga Kosakiewicz Her mothers death. This lead Simone to write a memoir of emotions and similar circumstances situations to many daughters. It was a moving notion of death, which was always a fascinating topic for Simone. Her mothers death. This lead Simone to write a memoir of emotions and similar circumstances situations to many daughters. It was a moving notion of death, which was always a fascinating topic for Simone. Her student Slyvie Le Bon. Slylvie encouraged Simone to become more active in the feminist movement in France and throughout the world. Through Le Bon’s encouragement Simone believed the feminist movement was too much of just theories. Therefore she found it hard for working class woman to become active within it. Her student Slyvie Le Bon. Slylvie encouraged Simone to become more active in the feminist movement in France and throughout the world. Through Le Bon’s encouragement Simone believed the feminist movement was too much of just theories. Therefore she found it hard for working class woman to become active within it.

6. Pieces of Works She came to stay. Published in 1943 (written from 1935-1937) This was influenced by her three way relationship with Jean-Paul and Olga. The novel was a reflection of Simone de Beauvoirs conception of herself in a relationship with others. It was an attempt about living with relationships with “consciousness authentically”. The third person in the love triangle was to challenge the other two people to relate to each other with genuine reciprocity. This novel successfully gained her the first of many public recognition.

7. Continued.. The Blood of Others (1945) The Blood of Others (1945) Mostly Influenced By World War 2. Mostly Influenced By World War 2. Dealt with factors of resistance during the War. Dealt with factors of resistance during the War.

8. The Second Sex! (1949) Even though Simone was recognized before, “The Second Sex” was the most influential piece of work which established her not only as a philosophical leader, but also a political one. The work was influenced by her relationship with Jean-Paul Satre. She always let John-Paul take credit for her work. Giving into the male figure. Therefore she wrote this piece of work in regards to women, for them to not allow that. Influenced by the situation of the United States that she observed during her tour in 1947. The critical social problems which was a result of inequality and racism among everyone. Her work was meant to be more political and philosophical than about sexuality. The second volume was realised in November 1949 Derived from existentialist point of view.

9. Summary “Woman is well placed to describe society, the world, the epoch to which she belongs, but only up to a certain point. Truly great works are those that put the world entirely in question. Now that woman doesn't do. She will critique, she will contest in detail; but to put the world completely into question one must feel oneself to be pro­ foundly responsible for the world. Now she isn't to the extent that it's a world of men; she doesn't take charge in the way the great artist does. She doesn't radically contest the world, and this is why in the history of humanity there isn't a woman who has created a great religious or philosophical system, or even a truly great ide­ ology; for that, what's necessary is in some sense to do away with everything that's given [faire table rase de tout le donné]—as Descartes did away with all knowledge—and to start afresh. Well, woman, by reason of her condition, isn't in a position to do that.” -Simone de Beauvoir

10. In Other Words.. Simone’s main proponents are the fact that woman are restricted to certain components in the world. This restriction from generation to generation has limited woman’s abilities to make primary influences in the world. Simone’s main proponents are the fact that woman are restricted to certain components in the world. This restriction from generation to generation has limited woman’s abilities to make primary influences in the world. A main problem foreseen, is the limited view that woman have on the world. This is because of the limits that have been placed on them from men. Woman don’t’ question. “Woman don’t put the world into question” as previously stated. A main problem foreseen, is the limited view that woman have on the world. This is because of the limits that have been placed on them from men. Woman don’t’ question. “Woman don’t put the world into question” as previously stated. Since woman have been placed behind men for so many generations, they are not in the place to step ahead, to start new. Since woman have been placed behind men for so many generations, they are not in the place to step ahead, to start new.

11. One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. No biological, psychological or economic destiny defines what or who A woman is. None of these factors assumes the position in society that woman must fulfill. Therefore” No biological, psychological or economic destiny defines what or who A woman is. None of these factors assumes the position in society that woman must fulfill. Therefore” it is the whole of civilization that creates this product, intermediate between male and eunuch, that we call feminine.” - a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction* * Eunuch- a man who has been castrated and is incapable of reproduction* So there is no definition of a woman. Just the counter point to a man, with obvious sexual differences. Therefore, it is a man’s world as described. So there is no definition of a woman. Just the counter point to a man, with obvious sexual differences. Therefore, it is a man’s world as described. From early childhood, one is not self aware of the sexual differences. They themselves are unable to grasp at the ideas, but it is from others intervention that they become “doomed” as the concept of sexual differences is forced upon them. From early childhood, one is not self aware of the sexual differences. They themselves are unable to grasp at the ideas, but it is from others intervention that they become “doomed” as the concept of sexual differences is forced upon them.

12. A Man’s World. “Women are still, for the most part, in a state of subjection. It follows that woman sees herself and chooses herself not insofar as she exists for herself [pour soi] but as man defines her. So we must first de­ scribe her as men dream her, since her being-for-men is one of the essential factors of her concrete condition.” Beauvoir is saying that the “being-for-men” is the main purpose for women's’ lives. Therefore this idea is the primary factor for the constraints on women and their thoughts and actions. Reflects existensionalism; of how they view themselves, their place in society and their choices. Ironic of the fact that Simone is labouring under these exact circumstances in which she is proposing to other woman and the world. It is in regards to Jean-Paul Satre.

13. The Ethics of Ambiguity The Ethics of Ambiguity Written in 1947 Written in 1947 Explored the concepts of inner and outer Freedom Explored the concepts of inner and outer Freedom Husser influenced Beauvoir’s thesis by introducing her to intentionality Husser influenced Beauvoir’s thesis by introducing her to intentionality Ambiguity is identified with failure. Ambiguity is identified with failure. 3 components of intentionability 3 components of intentionability Meaning-disclosing, Meaning-making, and Meaning- desiring. Meaning-disclosing, Meaning-making, and Meaning- desiring. There is Intentionability of consciousness in 2 ways There is Intentionability of consciousness in 2 ways -Discovering the world (disclose the meaning of being) -Discovering the world (disclose the meaning of being) -Author of the world’s meaning ( bringing meaning to the world) -Author of the world’s meaning ( bringing meaning to the world) In the 1 st mode-activities express freedom to discover meaning In the 1 st mode-activities express freedom to discover meaning In the 2 nd mode- It exists as bringing freedom to the world. In the 2 nd mode- It exists as bringing freedom to the world.

14. Continued… Freedom along with mood: A persons mood defines their actions and thought process which in turn affects their freedom. Freedom along with mood: A persons mood defines their actions and thought process which in turn affects their freedom. One will never fulfill our passions for meaning- we will never be able to reveal the meaning of life. One will never fulfill our passions for meaning- we will never be able to reveal the meaning of life. Her ethics deals with secular humanism- rejects the ideas of God and humanity. Her ethics deals with secular humanism- rejects the ideas of God and humanity. Famous quote in which Beauvoir argues against. Famous quote in which Beauvoir argues against. Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor “If God is dead, everything is permitted” Dostoevsky’s Grand Inquisitor “If God is dead, everything is permitted” As Beaurvoir sees it, when God is not there to pardon our sins we are 100% responsible for our actions. As Beaurvoir sees it, when God is not there to pardon our sins we are 100% responsible for our actions. Ethics insists evil resides in denial of freedom. Therefore people are responsible for ensuring the conditions of freedom Ethics insists evil resides in denial of freedom. Therefore people are responsible for ensuring the conditions of freedom Then, one cannot affirm nor live in freedom without affiriming the freedom of others. Then, one cannot affirm nor live in freedom without affiriming the freedom of others. The serious world affects our freedom, yet creates it. The serious world affects our freedom, yet creates it.

15. Values of Simone’s Theories The Second Sex: The Second Sex: Changed the situation of woman Changed the situation of woman With regard to the feminist movement, she herself was responsible. With regard to the feminist movement, she herself was responsible. Brought about the reality to woman, of a man’s world. Brought about the reality to woman, of a man’s world. Clarifies the implications in which man poses upon woman. Clarifies the implications in which man poses upon woman. Ethics of Ambiguity: Ethics of Ambiguity: Expanded the theory to show freedom requires the freedom of others for it to actualized. Everyone must have same rights in legal systems. Expanded the theory to show freedom requires the freedom of others for it to actualized. Everyone must have same rights in legal systems.