1. Step Up To Writing Student Version: Basic, Practical and Helpful Instruction About Writing

2. Step Up To Writing is About Showing you the process Helping you through the process Letting you work through the process on your own

3. Step Up To Writing is About Tools: Colors Word Lists Informal Outlines Examples small steps

4. Step Up To Writing is About The Writing Process: Prewriting and Planning Drafting, Revising, and Editing Creating a Final Copy, Proofreading, and Sharing

5. Step Up To Writing is About Promoting the Traits of Good Writing: Content Organization Style Vocabulary Sentence Structure Conventions

6. G olf is a great sport to play. It’s fun to pound a golf ball around for nine to eighteen holes. However, to become good you need lots of practice and mental toughness. Practice is easy to come by, but we need toughness too. Personally, I need a lot of mental toughness. Golf can be really fun if you are playing well, but if you are playing badly, it can cause frustration. Does this seem like a well thought out, organized paragraph?

7. That is called a brain dump!

8. What happened? This student took all the information he/she knew about golf and just regurgitated it onto paper!

9. The keys to an effective paragraph: A titleA title A topic sentenceA topic sentence TransitionsTransitions Good explanations and examplesGood explanations and examples A conclusionA conclusion Expository paragraphs need:

10. Smoking’s Health Toll and Price Tag Although smoking may seem cool, it is very unhealthy and expensive. Many people die from smoking related problems such as cancer, heart disease etc. every year. According to World Book Encyclopedia during the mid-1980s smoking contributed to 30 percent of all deaths from cancer and heart disease in the United States of America. Furthermore, cigarette smoking was associated with 85 percent of all cases of lung cancer. Secondly, smoking is very expensive. If someone smoked one pack of cigarettes every day that cost $3.00 for 50 years it would cost them $54,750.00 which is enough money to buy an expensive and luxurious car. On the contrary, if someone put $3.00 a day into a bank or investment institution they would be making hundreds of dollars in only a few years just because of the interest they are collecting. Clearly smoking is very unhealthy and expensive too, so don’t start smoking until you have considered all of the negative effects! Fifth Grade

11. That was better! Why? Organization! I will show you the process that 5 th grade student used to get that level of organization.

12. The Five Elements of Expository Writing Organization is the key. Transitions are the glue. Conclusions tie it all together. Topic sentences and thesis statements are the heart. Examples, evidence, and explanations are the meat.

13. Learn Step One

14. Informal Outlines: Using a piece of paper let’s work on an informal outline of a paragraph. Fold paper over to the red margin line. Unfold. Fold about 5 lines from the top. Fold about 5 lines from the bottom. Now draw lines on all the folds as shown. It should look like an “I” J ust O ne or T wo words

15. Remember this is all about colors so… Get out your three colors (red, green, yellow) of crayons and make sure you color in the dots by the correct box.

16. Topic Conclusion Reason/fact/detail explain Use your crayons to place your circles and titles in the correct areas. See teacher’s example

17. Topic: Conclusion: Reason/fact/detail: explain: They can get away from enemies Good fighters run fast climb trees sharp claws sharp teeth cats take care, protect J ust O ne or T wo words Cats can protect themselves

18. Informal Outlines also need transition words: Topic: Conclusion: Reason/fact/detail: explain: They can get away from enemies Good fighters run fast climb trees sharp claws sharp teeth cats take care, protect Cats can protect themselves First Next

19. Learn Step Two

20. Let’s build sentences. yellowEveryone should have a new paper and the same three crayons (yellow, green, red) It is time to fold this paper hamburger style once, and then twice. Open back up. Draw lines on front and back where the folds are.

21. Topic Reason/fact/detail Explain Front of Page Use crayon to make dot on the left side of the page. Then write the words next to the dots See teacher’s example

22. Reason/fact/detail Explain Conclusion Back of Page Use crayon to make dot on the left side of the page. Then write the words next to the dots

23. Topic Cats protect themselves in two ways Reason/fact/detail Explain First, they are able to get away quickly from their enemies. Front of Page Cats are fast runners. They can climb trees, too.

24. Reason/fact/detail Explain Conclusion Back of Page Next, cats are good fighters. Cat’s sharp claws can inflict pain and discourage attackers. They can also use their pointed incisors to bite their enemies when necessary. Felines can take care of themselves.

25. What is the deal Go! Slow Down Stop Go Back Write a topic sentence. Give a reason, detail or fact. Use a transition word or phrase. Explain. Gave an example. Remind the reader of your topic. with the colors!

26. Using Colors for Organization Topic Sentence: Green means “go.” Green asks the writer to decide — “What am I going to prove?” “What am I going to explain?” “What information will I share?”

27. Reasons/Details/Facts: Yellow means “slow down.” Introduce key concepts to support the topic sentence. Using Colors for Organization

28. Explain: Red means “stop and explain.” Present evidence. Provide explanation and examples. Using Colors for Organization

29. Conclusion: Green means “go back to your topic.” Restate the topic and the position. Do not introduce new information. Use synonyms and leave your reader with something to remember.

30. So now you see… How to put together a well organized paragraph. But…

31. Don’t get stuck! Many students will ask “How many sentences do I have to write?” This is the ZME (zone of minimal effort) talking. With this process you can expand and shrink your paragraphs with ease. The rule is: you should use as many sentences as is needed to explain what you have to say.

32. Accordion Paragraphs Eight Sentence Paragraph: Topic Sentence Reason/Detail/Fact Explain Reason/Detail/Fact Explain Reason/Detail/Fact Explain Conclusion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. An Option:

33. More Accordion Paragraphs Eleven Sentence Paragraph: Topic Sentence Reason/Detail/Fact Reason/Detail/Fact Explain Explain Conclusion Explain Explain Reason/Detail/Fact Reason/Detail/Fact Explain 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Another Option:

34. Practice Step One

35. Topic Conclusion Reason/fact/detail explain 2 fun ways to spend a million dollars This time let’s just make it a six sentence paragraph

36. Topic: Conclusion: Reason/fact/detail: explain: Shopping Traveling New car, Odyssey touring cruise, Alaska fun, happy, rich J ust O ne or T wo words 2 fun ways to spend a million dollars

37. Practice Step Two

38. Topic Reason/fact/detail Explain Front of Page Use crayon to make dot on the left side of the page. Then write the words next to the dots See teacher’s example

39. Reason/fact/detail Explain Conclusion Back of Page Use crayon to make dot on the left side of the page. Then write the words next to the dots

40. Topic If I had a million dollars, I would have a grand time depleting it. Reason/fact/detail Explain First, I would go out and buy the Honda Odyssey Touring Edition. Front of Page This model has the six-DVD player, voice controlled navigation and enough seats for all my friends to come hang out with me.

41. Reason/fact/detail Explain Conclusion Back of Page Next, I would book a cruise to Alaska. I would make sure it was the longest cruise available and I would take all my friends with me. Rolling in money would clearly be a boon for not only myself, but my closet friends.

42. If I had a million dollars, I would have a grand time depleting it. First, I would go out and buy the Honda Odyssey Touring Edition. This model has the six-DVD player, voice controlled navigation and enough seats for all my friends to come hang out with me. Next, I would book a cruise to Alaska. I would make sure it was the longest cruise available and I would take all my friends with me. Rolling in money would clearly be a boon for not only myself, but my closet friends. If I was Rolling in the Dough!

43. How About More Than One Paragraph You can just add more “explain” pieces and make the “reason/detail/fact” sentence become the topic.

44. Topic = Plymouth Colony R/D/FDifficult trip across Atlantic eDangerous waters eOne ship turned back ePoor living conditions R/D/FDifficult winter eArrived in wrong location eArrived too late to plant garden eArrived too late to build homes R/D/FBefriended by Indians eInvited to first Thanksgiving For example: Paragraph Paragraph for the conclusion Paragraph

45. Persuasive Essay Format R/D/F Outlines: Reasons Outline Topic = Reasons for Learning to Swim R Safety reasons e Help yourself e Save others e Help yourself e Save others R Social reasons e Parties e Vacations e Summertime e Parties e Vacations e Summertime Of course, you will NOT limit yourself to only two reasons or three examples.

46. Independent Practice

47. You try… Get a paper ready like in step one but with 3 yellows (reason/detail/fact). One reason must be the opposing viewpoint and a rebuttals to it. Think about the topic you want to write your persuasive essay about. Fill in using your topic and at least two reds (explain) that you can think of to support each yellow. Remember to only JOT information.

48. By tomorrow You will need to bring me the “step one” paper you have been working on for my “green light” on your topic. Tomorrow we will research any information you will need for the examples on your topic.