1. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved.

2. Airborne Laser Technology for Hydrography and Coastal Mapping (LIDAR) Grady Tuell, Ph.D. ftp://moray.dms.usm.edu/beyond_navigation_workshop

3. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Introduction to Optech Introduction to SHOALS Characterization of SHOALS performance Depth accuracy Depth penetration Horizontal accuracy Beyond Safety of Navigation Auto-extraction of shoreline Topo/bathy visualizations Active bottom images (pseudoreflectance) 3D Benthic Mapping Water Column Data

4. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Introduction to Optech

5. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Optech: 30 years of LIDAR technology Optech Incorporated Space and atmospheric Industrial Laser Imaging TerrestrialMarine Optech International

6. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. ALTM and SHOALS pulse repetition rates 0.01 MW 500 MW

7. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Global Deployment of Optech Airborne Systems 1. Japan Coast Guard 2. JALBTCX 3. Fugro Pelagos

8. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Introduction to SHOALS

9. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Near shore Niche: shoreline and shallow water SHOALS-1000T Deep water On shore

10. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. 1-kHz hydro laser 4 mJ @ 532 nm 3 mJ @ 1064 nm 9-kHz topo laser 6 uJ @ 1064 nm 4-channel receiver 10 cm aperture SHOALS-1000T Sensor

11. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS-1000T Consoles Power Distribution Laser Power Supply Laser Electronics Laser Chiller 18” LCD Display Mirrored RHDs Compact Flash (Or Floppy Drive)

12. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS: Typical Installation

13. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS: Operational Concept

14. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. 4 Waveforms per Pulse IR Surface Raman APD GreenPMT Green

15. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Design Scan Pattern

16. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Scan Patterns for Hydrographic Mode

17. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Performance Characterization Depth Measurement Accuracy Underwater Horizontal Accuracy Depth Penetration

18. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS 1000T Specifications Measurement Rate - - hydro - topo Measurement Depth Depth Penetration Operating Altitude Aircraft Speed Laser Spot Spacing Swath Width Measurement Accuracy Airborne System Weight 1000 Hz 9 kHz 50 m kD > 3 (daytime) 200 - 400 m 125 - 175 knots 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5 m up to 0.58 x altitude IHO Order 1 210 kg

19. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SFOTC – Ft. Lauderdale (8/03)

20. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. 12 3 1049 5678 11 Extinction depth = 39m

21. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Acoustic depths – SHOALS depths 10386 points; mean difference = 0.145m; sigma = 0.188m

22. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. IHO-1 Depth Accuracy (95% confidence) Depth (m) 0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 01020304050

23. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Underwater Horizontal Accuracy Ten 2x2x2 m cubes were placed in the project area

24. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Underwater Horizontal Position Accuracy Example waveform for 2m cube in 26m depth

25. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Multiple detections of a 2m cube at 18m depth Grid is 1m x1m Yellow and Black squares are averages of 14 eastbound and westbound flights Separation of averages is 1.3 meters eastboundwestbound Avg eastboundAvg westbound

26. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Depth Penetration Test Courtesy of Viktor Feigels (Optech Int.) and Alan Weideman (NRL)

27. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Extinction depth = 39m Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient: K d = 0.09 m -1 Extinction Depth = 39m K d * D = 3.5

28. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Beyond Safety of Navigation Auto-extraction of shoreline Topo/bathy datasets SHOALS seafloor images (pseudoreflectance) 3d Benthic mapping and water column data

29. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. MLLW Shoreline MHW Shoreline Private uplands Inland Waters; Tidelands Territorial Seas; EEZ; and High Seas Shoreline Mapping is a 3-D problem

30. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Seal Rocks ( Courtesy of Jason Woolard at NOAA/NGS ) LIDAR-derived MHW Shoreline (ALTM)

31. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Topo/bathy datasets Ft. Lauderdale Beach Front

32. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS Bottom Images (pseudoreflectance)

33. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Pseudoreflectance

34. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. 44 flightlines APD/PMT merged at 12 m 13 Km x 3 Km 6.8 M points 5.0 m pixels Max D = 37 m

35. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved.

36. Laser DataSpectral Data += 3D Coastal Landcover and Benthic information Water column information Active/Passive Fusion

37. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS-1000TH D,  L a L s L b 

38. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. CASI-2 L  water Homogeneous areas in SHOALS pseudoreflectance CASI-2 K  Spatial Variation in Water Column

39. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Spectrometer  534 SHOALS  532 DEPTH Signal level fusion yields 3 data sets for classification

40. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. SHOALS Fusion Software SHOALS spectrometer waveforms depth radiance FUSION Processor SHOALS   L bottom L water k 

41. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Example: Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii

42. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. 3-d Benthic Habitat Mapping Orange= Sand Green= Seagrass Violet= Uncolonized Pavement Yellow= Colonized Pavement Brown= Macroalgae (50-90%) Blue= Macroalgae (10-50%) Black= Not Classified

43. © Copyright 2004. Optech Incorporated. All rights reserved. Evolution of SHOALS SHOALS-T UAV Higher Resolution 3D Environmental Mapping