2. AS Module 2 Information; Management and Management and Manipulation or what to do with data, how to do it, and……... ensure it provides useful information

3. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data Methods b OMR, OCR, MICR, Optical Mark Recognition Optical Mark Recognition Optical Character Recognition Optical Character Recognition Magnetic Ink Character Recognition Magnetic Ink Character Recognition

4. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data Methods b Speech Recognition, b Sound sampling b Picture scanning, b Bar code reading, b using a key board, mouse, joystick etc

5. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data For each method you need to know b What it is e.g. Optical Mark Recognition (OMR). Printed or shaded marks are read into a computer by a light sensing method that detects marks put in predetermined positions. Then software is used to decode the image(s).

6. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data For each method you need to know b What equipment is required e. g. Optical Mark Reader is used as an input device the user only needs a pen or pencil

7. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data For each method you need to know b When it would be appropriate to use that method e.g. completion of multiple choice examination questions, as an attendance register, lottery tickets etc…...

8. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data For each method you need to know b Advantages e.g. Data is automatically read, form is easy to complete by general public, needs no special equipment to record the data, input document can be completed in many different places as it is highly portable/ easily carried round.

9. Data Capture or how to get hold of your data For each method you need to know b Disadvantages e.g. Input documents need to be kept clean and flat, some input documents are not designed to be correctable, need specialist equipment to input the data. e.g. Input documents need to be kept clean and flat, some input documents are not designed to be correctable, need specialist equipment to input the data.

10. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? AccuracyVerification Act of checking data as it is transferred by comparing before and after to make sure that it is the same. When inputting data, using a key board, it can be input twice and then compared.

11. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? AccuracyValidation Computerised checking to detect any data that is unreasonable or incomplete Validation techniques, what are they and what are they and what are they needed for? what are they needed for?

12. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? Validation techniques when data is entered Range checkLength check Type checkFormat check Uniqueness checkPresence check Cross field checkLook-up list Check digitetc.

13. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? Have you used any validation rules? What was the rule called? What was it checking for? E.g.Customer’s Account number 123456, length check, format check

14. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? Name and describe a validation check that could be used when data is first entered into the following fields for a new member. Your validation check must be different in each case. (i) Full_Name(2 marks) (ii)Postcode(2 marks) (iii) Date of Birth(2 marks)

15. 20 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 01 You have seconds to complete this task 00 60 02 30

16. Verification & Validation or is this data reasonable? Name and describe a validation check that could be used when data is first entered into the following fields for a new member. Your validation check must be different in each case. (i) Full_Name(2 marks) (ii)Postcode(2 marks) (iii) Date of Birth(2 marks)

17. Organisation of Data for Effective Retrieval - can I find the data? Where is it stored b Flat Files ProblemsProblems Redundant data, inconsistent data Redundant data, inconsistent data b Databases need Database management softwareneed Database management software

18. Organisation of Data for Effective Retrieval - can I find the data? PAYROLL PROGRAM -record description -validation rules -processing code SALES PROCESSING PROGRAM -record description -validation rules -processing code Name Address Phone No Location Salary Grade Etc. Name Location Target sales Total sales Etc. File Based Approach

19. Organisation of Data for Effective Retrieval - can I find the data?

20. Question ICT2 January 2001 A company is experiencing difficulties with its computerised flat file information storage and retrieval system. Describe three benefits that the company would gain by converting to a relational database system. (6 marks)

21. Organisation of Data for Effective Retrieval - can I find the data? Advantages of Databases Quality of Management InformationQuality of Management Information Consistency of dataConsistency of data Lack of RedundancyLack of Redundancy Data IndependenceData Independence Less time spent inputting dataLess time spent inputting data

22. Software; Nature, Capabilities & Limitations -what are programs for? Nature and types of software Systems Software (this is required because a computer is being used)Systems Software (this is required because a computer is being used) - Operating System - Operating System - Peripheral Driver - Peripheral Driver

23. Software; Nature, Capabilities & Limitations -what are programs for? Applications Software –Generic Packages (appropriate to many areas) (appropriate to many areas) –Specific Packages (designed to carry out a specific task) –Bespoke Packages (specially written for an identified user) (specially written for an identified user)

24. Capabilities of software - what can you do with a program? b Links to other packages b Search Facilities b Macro Capabilities b Editing Facilities

25. Question ICT2 January 2001 4 A spreadsheet package has macro capabilities. (a)Describe what is meant by the term macro.(2 marks) (b)Give two examples of situations where the use of macros would be appropriate.(2 marks)

26. 20 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 01 You have seconds to complete this task 00 60 02 30

27. . 4a) A macro simplifies the task for the user. b)A macro could be used if you are trying to install new software, the macro will breakdown the task so its easy to install. Another use of a macro would be if the user wants to try something more advanced on their PC, they could use the macro to help them complete the task in hand.

28. What the Principal Examiner said Question 4 Only the better candidates described the characteristics of a macro. Many candidates could only provide examples of system provided macros rather than user defined macros. Few examples of macros were related to a spreadsheet package.

29. A better answer 4 a) A macro is created by the user recording a sequence of instructions that can be activated by a hot key. b) Macros could be used in a spreadsheet package to automatically select and print an area of the worksheet or to save any changes and close the worksheet being used.

30. Capabilities of software special tasks Application Generators allow user to specify the interface, the main functions then automatically creates the instructions to generate the system requested.

31. Capabilities of software special tasks Report Generators Used to generate and store reports by allowing the user to select headings, fields, ordering, calculations, formatting etc. Reports generated can be distributed independently of the data.