1. Invasive species Coming soon to an ecosystem near you!

2. The Tens Rule 10% of introduced species escape 10% of escaped species become established 10% of established species become invasive

3. The Tens Rule 10% of introduced species escape 10% of escaped species become established 10% of established species become invasive 0.1% of species introduced become invasive

4. Exceptions Ornamental trees and shrubs Plantation species Crop plants, biocontrol agents

5. Disturbance How can disturbance facilitate invasion?

6. Disturbance How can disturbance facilitate invasion? reduce competition increase resource availability

8. difficulty of detection exponential population growth post-invasion evolution (local adaptation) increased availability of favorable sites

10. Rare Species Narrow Geographic Range Small Population SizeHabitat Specificity

11. Invasive Species Broad Geographic Range Large Population SizeWide Range of Habitats

12. Rapid dispersal:short generation time long reproductive period prolific seed production successful dispersal successful establishment

13. Lots of seeds! multiflora rose Japanese barberry Oriental bittersweet

14. Long fruiting period glossy buckthorn

15. Successful seedling establishment Common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica)

20. 2% sun28% sun100% sun Ellsworth, Harrington & Fownes (2004) 4.5 m in 12 weeks!

21. Impacts Reduced population size and biodiversity of native species Invasive species are the second major cause of extinctions globally (main cause on islands)

24. Pale swallowwort Cynanchum rossicum

28. Introduced mosquitoes spread avian malaria

29. Difficult to eradicate

36. Norway maple