1. Nanotechnology What, How, Why? UMass Science Saturday, February 28, 2009

2. What: Nanotechnology Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique phenomena enable novel applications. 1 nanometer = 1 billionth of a meter = 1 x 10 -9 m nano.gov

3. How small are nanostructures? Single Hair Width = 0.1 mm = 100 micrometers = 100,000 nanometers !

4. Smaller still Hair. 6,000 nanometers DNA 3 nanometers 100,000 nanometers

5. How: Making Nanostructures

6. Making Nanostructures: Nanomanufacturing "Top down" versus "bottom up" methods Lithography Deposition Etching Machining Chemical Self-Assembly

7. Self Assembly

8. SELF ASSEMBLY with DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS Block A Block B 10% A 30% A 50% A 70% A 90% A ~10 nm Ordered Phases PMMA PS Phase separation...on the nanoscale

9. Self-Assembled Nanoscale "Stencils" Deposition Template Etching Mask Nanoporous Membrane Remove polymer block within cylinders (expose and develop) A self-assembling, nanoscale lithographic system (physical or electrochemical)

10. "Synthesis and Characterization of Nearly Monodisperse CdE (E = S, Se, Te) Semiconductor Nanocrystallites," C. Murray, D. Norris, and M. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993) Quantum Dots by Chemical Synthesis (reverse-micelle method)

11. Why: Applications

12. 10 GB 2001 20 GB 2002 40 GB 2004 80 GB 2006 160 GB 2007 Example: Data storage capacity of the iPod Hard drive Magnetic data storage Uses nanotechnology! Nanomagnets!

13. Magnetic Data Storage A computer hard drive stores your data magnetically Disk NS direction of disk motion Write Head 0010100110__ Bits of information NS Read Head Signal current

14. Solar Cells Konarka Benefit: Sun is an unlimited source of electronic energy.

15. Nanostructured Solar Cells + - Sunlight Voltage load Current More interface area - More power!

16. Targeted Cancer Therapy

17. Cancer Therapy tumor gold nanoshells Halas group, Rice Univ. www.sciencentral.com/articles/view.php3?article_id=218392390 targeted therapy: hyperthermic treatment www.nano.gov/html/news/SpecialPapers/Cancer

18. Thank you! Mark Tuominen tuominen@physics.umass.edu