1. The Virtuous Roman Woman Francesca D’Amico Jennifer Gourley Tanya Segota

2. Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea Forbade marriage of a senator or a senator’s child to a prostitute Made conditions that prevented marriage illegal (For ex. Power to inherit only if remained unmarried is not permitted) Penalties for celibacy A person with more children was preferred to one who had fewer

3. Lex Julia et Papia Poppaea Freedmen who had a certain number of children were freed "operarum obligatione" libertae, who had four children, were released from the tutela of their patrons married persons who had no children could only take one half of an hereditas which was left to them (remedy:adoption)

4. Livia: Ideal Roman Woman Wife of Augustus Active in administering the Empire during Augustus' absence Built her own imperial state buildings First Empress to be deified after death Was also the ideal matrona, was seen spinning wool

5. Primary Sources Lewis, Naphtali and Meyer Reinhold, eds. "Funeral Eulogy of Turia." In The Republic and the Augustan Age, vol. 1 of Roman Civilization: Selected Readings, pp. 519-522. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990. Lewis, Naphtali and Meyer Reinhold, eds. "Murdia." In The Empire, vol. 2 of Roman Civilization: Selected Readings, p. 350. New York: Columbia University Press, 1990.

6. "Proverbs 31:10-31." New American Standard Bible. La Habra: The Lockman Foundation, 1995. Iuuenalis, Decimus Iunius. The Satires. Translated by Niall Rudd. Edited by William Barr. Oxford: University of Oxford Press, 1991.

7. Secondary Sources Dixon, Suzanne. The Roman Mother. London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988. Cantarella, Eva. Pandora’s Daughters: The Role and Status of Women in Greek and Roman Antiquity. Translated by Maureen B. Font. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1987. Cross, Suzanne. Feminae Romanae: The Women of Ancient Rome. 2001-2004, http://dominae.fws1.com/Index.html (8 March 2004).

8. Finley, M.I. “The Silent Women of Rome”. In Sexuality and Gender in the Classical World: Readings and Sources. Laura K. McClure, ed., pp. 149-153. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002. Joshel, Sandra R. and Sheila Murnaghan, eds. “Introduction”. In Women and Slaves in Greco- Roman Culture, pp. 3-7. London: Routeledge, 1998 Parker, Holt. “Loyal Slaves and Loyal Wives: The Crisis of the Outsider within Roman Exemplium Literature”. In Women and Slaves in Greco-Roman Culture. Sandra R. Joshel and Sheila Murnaghan, eds, pp. 155-160. London: Routeledge, 1998. Sebesta, Judith Lynn. “Women’s Custume and Feminine Civic Morality in Augustinian Rome.” Gender and History 9, no. 3 (1997): pp. 529-541.