1. OLD KINGDOM Time: 2650 BC – 2150 BC# of dynasties 4 Accomplishments:Pyramid building Strong Central Government Strong Economy Stronger Arts

2. 1 st ILLNESS Time:2150 BC – 2040 BC# of dynasties: 4 Reasons for collapse of Old Kingdom: 1)Collapse of central government and increase of independent provinces after reign of Pepi II (90’s)  Normarchs looked to have gained power as Pepi aged and he could not prevent their rise, so they challenged central power 2)Climate Changes resulting in a decrease of the Nile's flooding, this had a huge impact on society  central government was unable to deal with the results of this change – power of pharaoh  Nomarchs /other local rulers came up with a solutions to best irrigate their own territory

3. Time: 2040 BC – 1640 BC# of dynasties: 3 Accomplishments:Pharaohs power -weakened nomarchs Nile flooded better Re-United Egypt -Mentuhotep II (2 nd founder) Building Campaign Stronger Economy Commoners had afterlife MIDDLE KINGDOM

4. Time:1640 BC – 1550 BC# of dynasties: 4 Reasons for fall of Middle Kingdom: 1)Division and Weakening of Egypt  Lower Egypt (Nile Delta area) governed by “foreign born” leaders 2)Invasion by Hyksos  allowed Pharaohs to continue ruling – more concerned with “Tribute” a)bronzeb)war from chariots c)better bow/arrowd) Nationalism e)new spinning/weaving 2 nd ILLNESS These helped Egypt “modernize”

5. Time: 1550 BC – 1070 BC# of dynasties: 12 Accomplishments:1)King Ahmose kicked Hyksos out of Egypt 2)Re-United Egypt 3)Very militaristic 4)Empire building 5)Extreme wealth/prosperity 6)Massive building campaign NEW KINGDOM

6. Thutmose I -- 1520 BC – 1492 BC  expanded Egyptian borders  ”Hammer of the Nubians” -hung the Nubian king from prow of his ship  1 st to have tomb in “Valley of the Kings” Queen Hatshepsut – 1518 BC – 1484 BC  possibly 1 st Female pharaoh  dressed like a man – wore beard  increased trade/economy  avoided war  tremendous building program NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS

7. Thutmose III – 1479 BC – 1425 BC  ”Napoleon of Egypt”  Egyptian Empire reached its largest  pierced ears Akhenaton – 1352 BC – 1334 BC  ”Heretic King” – changed religion to monotheism -Aton was only god  looked like a female  everything associated with Akhenaton was destroyed after his death NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS

8. Tutankamen (King Tut) – 1333 BC – 1325 BC  ”Boy King” (age 9)  Re-Established polytheism  1922 – Howard Carter found his tomb  ”Curse of King Tut” NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS

9. “King Tut” Solid Gold 2500 lbs $13 million

10. Ramses II (“the Great) – 1279 BC – 1213 BC  ruled 67 years  150 - 160 children  tremendous builder (Abu Simbel)  consumed with his “legacy” (Master of Political Spin) -Battle of Kadesh (political spin) >v. Hittites (iron / 3 man chariots) >Official version – TIE >Ramses version – RAMSES WON -had monuments built inscribed with him winning -no contrary sources  after death, gradual fall of Egyptian control  overextended, revolts, immorality/corruption NEW KINGDOM PHARAOHS

11. EGYPTIAN ACHIEVEMENTS Medicine – Mummification Irrigation Calendar Astrology – est. a form of “Poor Man’s Almanac” Pyramids - +100 still exist (Mathematics) Hieroglyphics (wrote on Papyrus)

12. Champollion & the Rosetta Stone

13. Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic symbols

14. Egyptian Math 110100100010,000100,0001,000,000 What number is this?

15. LIFE EXPECTANCY >age 30 >Living past 40 was rewarded by gov’t MARRIAGE >similar to our concept of marriage >kids w/in 1 st year (IMR = 60-70%) >children seen as a blessing if lived past 1 yr EDUCATION >boys from wealthy families from ages 12-16 >poor families followed job of dad >girls focused on home/family BEAUTY >loved the body >facial hair = unclean >”perfume cones” FOOD >fish, beer, bread, honey, peas, beans, onions, lettuce/cabbage, turnips, figs, grapes >little/to no beef – geography made it difficult