1. The State of Our Governmental Pension Plans AGA - Fall Professional Development Seminar November 6, 2013

2. Presentation Outline: Why is there so much talk about pension plans? What is being done to address pension plans? GASB – Changes in Pension Reporting Requirement

3. Why should federal employee care about pension issues? You pay taxes Is your federal pension next?

4. The largest 100 U.S. public- employee pension funds as 6-30-13 $2.9 trillion in assets Highest level in more than 40 years Surpassed the peak reached in 2007 before the Great Recession Benefits and withdrawals reached records highs at $62.2 billion – 16.8% increase Government contributions $22.8 billion – 2.3% increase Employee contributions - $11.4 billion – 11.2% increase

5. Why are pension plans receiving so much attention? Government employee’s benefits versus private sector: Salaries Health care - % paid by Govt. Retirement plans – DB vs. DC

6. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

7. Growing mistrust of the Government Headlines in the media:

8. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

9. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

10. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

11. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

12. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

13. Governments that have filed bankruptcy since 2010: Detroit, MI San Bernardino, CA. Stockton, CA. Jefferson County, Ala. Central Falls, R.I.

14. Underfunding of Defined Benefit plans Bottom 5 state funded pension plans Top 5 state funded pension plans How does Kansas and Missouri compare?

15. 5 Worst State Funded Pension Plans New Hampshire 57.5% Louisiana 56.0% Connecticut 53.4% Kentucky 50.5% Illinois 43.4%

16. 5 Best State Funded Pension Plans Tennessee 92.1% North Carolina 95.3% South Dakota 96.3% Washington 98.1% Wisconsin 99.8%

17. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

18. Affected: Employers in any tyAffected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans pe of defined benefit plan Single-employer plans Agent multiple-employer plans Assets pooled for investment purposes Separate accounts for each employer Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS Assets and obligations pooled Nonemployer contributors Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

19. What is being done to address the underfunding of pension plans? Contributing more to the DB plans Requiring employees to contribute more Redesigning government pension plans ◦ Creating hybrid pension plans ◦ Switching to DC plans Lowering benefits

20. What is KPERS doing? Increase employer contributions Increase current member contributions or decreases benefits Creates a new tier 3 cash balance retirement plan beginning January 2015

21. What is MOSERS doing? Created a new tier – MSEP 2011 Longer vesting period Higher normal retirement age

22. How are other countries addressing their pension plans? Australia & Netherlands – mandatory 9% contribution from employers Canada – two-part social security system replaces 70% of low-income and 50% for median-income Prohibit borrowing against retirement assets or lump-sum withdrawals

23. Three-Legged Investment Stool Social Security Employee pension Personal savings

24. Quote from President Franklin Roosevelt on Social Security: “ The Social Security Act does not offer anyone, either individually or collectively, an easy life- nor was it ever intended so to do. None of the sums of money paid out to individuals in assistance or in insurance will spell anything approaching abundance. But they will furnish that minimum necessity to keep a foothold’ and that is the kind of protection Americans want.”

25. GASB Changes in Pension Reporting Requirements

26. Objectives of New GASB Standards Improve transparency Increase value of assessing accountability Enhance decision – usefulness of financial reports

27. Affected or unaffected? Affected: Employers in any type of defined benefit plan ◦ Single-employer plans ◦ Agent multiple-employer plans  Assets pooled for investment purposes  Separate accounts for each employer ◦ Cost-sharing multiple employer plans - KPERS  Assets and obligations pooled Non-employer contributors ◦ Other entities legally required to contribute Unaffected: Employers in defined contribution plans

28. Key Changes 1. Employer liability 2. Employer expense 3. Discount rate 4. Actuarial method 5. Amortization 6. Timing

29. Employer Liability Current: Annual required contribution (ARC) Less:Actual contributions Net pension obligations (NPO) New: Total pension liability (TPL) Less:Fiduciary net position (FNP) Net pension liability (NPL)

30. Employer expense Current: Calculation tied to funding ARC adjusted for the cumulative effect of prior differences between required contributions and actual contributions New: Calculation tied to cost Changes in the net pension liability

31. Components of expense Annual service cost Interest on the net pension liability Projected earnings on plan investments The full effect of any changes in benefit terms

32. Discount rate Current: Estimate long-term investment yield for the plan, with consideration given to the nature and mix of current and expected plan investments New: Modification necessary if it is expected the FNP will not be sufficient to pay benefits to active employees and retirees. ◦ Single blended rate

33. New discount rate – single blended rate Single rate equivalent to the combined effects of using the following rates: For projected cash flows up to the point the FNP will be sufficient ◦ Long-term expected rate of return on plan investments – 7.5% to 8.0% For projected cash flows beyond that point ◦ A yield or index rate on tax exempt 20 year, Aa or higher rated municipal bonds – 3.0%

34. Actuarial method Current: Whatever actuarial method is used for funding Six acceptable methods Must be applied within parameters defined by GASB New: Not tied to actuarial method used for funding All employers will use the entry age method for accounting and financial reporting purposes

35. Amortization Background: Circumstances that could affect the net pension liability (NPL) Changes in benefit terms Changes in economic and demographic assumptions Differences between economic and demographic assumptions and actual Differences between expected and actual investment returns Current: Effect amortized over a period not to exceed 30 years New: Effect to be amortized over a much shorter period based on circumstances

36. Effect on amortization Changes in benefit terms Immediate recognition Changes in economic and demographic assumptions Differences in assumptions and actual experience – Immediate recognition Differences between expected and actual investment returns – Amortized over 5 years.

37. Timing Current: Timing of actuarial valuation ◦ Within 24 months of start of valuation period New: Measurement date for assets and TPL ◦ No earlier than 1 year + 1 day prior to reporting date Actuarial valuation date ◦ Up to 30 months before employer reporting date ◦ Update to “roll forward” to measurement date

38. Comparison of Overland Park’s Police & Fire Pension Plans Current: Net pension obligation $1,330,903 New: Net pension liability $22,247,173

39. Employers in cost-sharing plans - KPERS Key changes Employer liability Employer expense

40. Employer liability (cost-sharing) Current : Liability only if employer contribution is less than the contractually required amount New: Liability equal to the employer’s proportionate share of the total NPL of all participating employers

41. Employer expense (cost-sharing) Current: Expense = contractually required contribution New: Expense = employer’s proportionate share of total pension expense of all participating employers

42. Estimated Impact on New GASB Pension Standards on KPERS 2012 Current:59.0% New:46.1%

43. Impact of new GASB Standards on local governments Larger financial and organizational burden Coordination with various people ◦ Actuaries ◦ Plan administrators More time spent gathering additional information for financial reporting

44. Rating Agency Perspective Supportive of this standard Provides more information and transparency Limited immediate impact on ratings Want to see a long-term plan

45. Effective Date of new GASB Standards GASB 67 – Financial Reporting for Pension Plans – 6-30-14 GASB 68 – Accounting and Financial Reporting for Pensions for employers – 6-30-15

46. Questions? Contact Information: Dave Scott dave.scott@opkansas.org 913-895-6154