1. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Networking in Support of Research and Education The next ten years James Williams TransPAC2 Principal Investigator Indiana University Presented at the APII Workshop 2007 March 23, 2007 Seoul, Korea

2. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Congratulations Congratulations on this very significant achievement and expansion of bandwidth between Japan and Korea. This more closely unites the two of the largest economies, science communities and networked populations in Asia. It provides a critical infrastructure linkage as a basis for future collaborations between Japan and Korea.

3. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 And Thank You I am honored to be asked to speak at this event. I am very pleased to return to Seoul, where I lived for a year in 1970.

5. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Subject of my talk Speaking from our various roles as networking professionals, discipline scientists or administrators how will/must networking evolve in the next 10 years to better serve the needs of research and education in Asia and globally?

6. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Topics to be covered Science drivers Backbone networks and services Exchange Points and services Desktops Static and switched connections

7. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Terms to Define (1) Static connection: A network connection that is set up slowly, in minutes or longer and has a lifetime of hours or longer. Switchable connection: A network connection that is set up quickly, in minutes or less, and has a lifetime of hours or less. Backbone: A significant aggregation of network infrastructure that moves data between relatively geographically diverse locations. Exchange Point (EP): An aggregation of networks on a common network fabric that allows for easy establishment of interconnectivity between participants. End User Exchange Point (EUEP): An EP located at an end-user site such as a university or research laboratory.

8. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Terms to Define (2) Network Transport: The type of signal and speed used to interconnect pieces of the network. Examples include Ethernet, SONET, Frame Relay, etc. Shared Network Infrastructure: Any network fabric that multiplexes multiple end-users traffic together. Virtual circuits: Individual network channels through a shared infrastructure. Examples included MPLS tunnels on IP-based networks and VLANs on Ethernet-based networks

9. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 The R/E Applications Environment in 10 years HD penetration deeply into instruction Grid computing evolution Science instruments producing vast amounts of data Sensor nets and distributed experiments New environments for network research Healthcare and medical teleprescense Distributed predictive applications (earthquake/tsunami; bird flu, …)

10. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Some Current Networking Components 10G backbone networks 10G static network-network connections vLANs of many sizes Exchange points (EPs) Developing End User Exchange Points (EUEPs) Experiments with 1G switched connections

11. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Some possible future networking components Increased backbone speeds (next stop 100Gbps?) What about 40Gbps?? What about undersea cable capacity and speed? Increased bandwidth devoted to static circuits Multiple backbone networks using the same underlying infrastructure. Switchable circuits of varying sizes More closely interconnected mesh of EPs, EUEPs and science project drivers.

12. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Backbones and backbone features Supply a production level framework for connection of regional networks Are a shared service and provide a mechanism for shared service delivery (measurement, security, troubleshooting …) Do not provide direct links between regional networks, international networks or experiments and end-users.

13. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 The Future - Backbones Backbones provide the maximum amount of network control as reflected in security, measurement and ability to troubleshoot. They will continue to be important as providers/deliverers of standard production level services, including commodity traffic. EP and EUEP connections will become more common, drawing traffic from traditional backbone routes.

14. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Exchange Points (EPs and EUEPs) An aggregation of networks on a common network fabric that allows for easy establishment of interconnectivity between participants. Internationally EPs provide cross-boarder regional connectivity Allow network interconnectivity, but only at the EP or EUEP. An EUEP is located and managed by a university or research laboratory, usually associated with a large science project or instrument. Becoming more common and more interconnected.

15. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Static Connections to EP and EUEP In service today for large (and well-funded) global research projects (LHC being a prime example) and between EPs (PacificWave – StarLight) Currently 10G and 1G connections seem useful and the right size As backbones expand and speeds increase, these will multiply These connections bypass backbone services such as security and measurement. And, are very difficult to troubleshoot. They may be dedicated to an application or a shared transport between two interested parties.

16. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Switchable connections to EP and EUEP No evidence of demand for this today Research underway to determine how cross domain switchable connections might be engineered within international groups such as the GLIF and DICE Complex issue from an operational, technical and a financial perspective, perhaps too complex to be solved in the near future. This is a current research topic.

17. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 The Future – EPs and EUEPs The role of EPs and EUEPs will continue to increase unless there is a dramatic increase in bandwidth pricing. Internationally, EPs will be the standard connection mechanism due to the topology of undersea cable infrastructure. EUEPs will expand as research and education demand requires.

18. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Desktops Individual workstations or groups of workstations managed by a research group and independent of central IT To reach a desktop you generally have to punch through central IT services and infrastructure…at least at present.

19. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Switchable connections to the Desktop No evidence of demand for this Little evidence of this being a useful technology in the next 10 years. Switchable connections to desktops will require massive coordination and consensus from all aspects including operations, finance, measurement and security among network operators and equipment vendors. Sounds very much like ATM-SVCs…sigh

20. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Static Connections to the Desktop Very much like switchable connections Little demand and many problems. The static nature of these connections may make them more useful and less complex.

21. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 The Future – Switched and Static Connections Static connections address a need not filled by current backbone networks. They will increase where financially prudent. Future research needs to be done on how to apply backbone services (security, measurement, troubleshooting techniques) to these connections. Switched connections present many difficult technical, operational and financial challenges. Research is ongoing. The outcome is uncertain.

22. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 vLANS and MPLS tunnels Individual network channels through a shared infrastructure Useful because they provide exclusive channels through the network that may not be subject to the same degree of scrutiny/delay as individual IP packets on a shared network; that, in turn, may have a speed up in delivery/performance, and reduce the possibility that packets are being inspected for security concerns. Not useful because they're still being used on a shared infrastructure (ethernet frames instead of IP packets) and because they may not be inspected for security concerns. Also not useful from the troubleshooting perspective. This is a continuing concern.

23. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 vLANS and MPLS tunnels Part of both the DICE and GLIF research. Research centering on automated mechanisms for creating cross-domain network paths connecting diverse equipment and different technologies (vLAN-MPLS interconnections as an example)

24. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Network Based Video Medical teleprescense will drive demand for better end-to-end connections. Backbone networks seem to be able to handle most of the video demand today. The impact of IP-TV, especially in deeply networked countries like Korea and Japan is uncertain. Widely distributed network video will require better multicast support Widely distributed network video will require better networking at the end site.

25. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Network Research Current efforts like PlanetLab use existing infrastructure and have limited infrastructure control. Future efforts like GENI will extend experimental control deeper into the infrastructure. Control plane research efforts such as those undertaking within DICE and GLIF will be critical to the future of switched services.

26. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 Summary I see limited interest in any type of connection (static or switched) to the desktop, now or in the immediate future. Backbone networks will continue to be important within governmental (and policy) domains of control. Dedicated static connections to an EP or EUEP are in place today and useful, but bypass measurement and security infrastructure. As these issues are addressed, dedicated static connections will become more widely used, where cost effective. Switched connections to an EP or EUEP will be difficult to engineer, finance and manage. They may prove to be useful or perhaps not… Ongoing network research efforts in control plane development will be critical in the effective deployment of switched services. vLANS and MPLS tunnels are in use today. Further research may provide more automated mechanisms for creation and linkage.

27. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 And, finally… Thank you again for this invitation and your attention I will be happy to answer any questions either now or at any time during the workshop James Williams Indiana University williams@indiana.edu

28. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 URLs (1) The TransPAC2 Project: www.transpac2.netwww.transpac2.net The US National Science Foundation International Research Network Connections Program: www.irnclinks.netwww.irnclinks.net The APII Project: http://www.tc.apii.net/http://www.tc.apii.net/ Science facility – LHC: http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/http://lhc.web.cern.ch/lhc/ Science instruments –eVLBI: http://www.evlbi.org/http://www.evlbi.org/ –IceCube: http://icecube.wisc.edu/http://icecube.wisc.edu/ Sensor networks –NEON: http://www.neoninc.org/http://www.neoninc.org/ –GEON: http://www.geongrid.org/http://www.geongrid.org/ –NEES: http://www.nees.org/http://www.nees.org/ –ORION: http://www.orionprogram.org/http://www.orionprogram.org/

29. TRANSPAC2TRANSPAC2 URLs (2) Grids –TeraGird: http://www.teragrid.org/http://www.teragrid.org/ –OSG; http://www.opensciencegrid.org/http://www.opensciencegrid.org/ Network research –GENI: http://www.geni.net/http://www.geni.net/ –PlanetLab: http://www.planet-lab.org/http://www.planet-lab.org/ Switchable connection projects –GLIF (Global Lambda Integrated Facility) http://www.glif.is/http://www.glif.is/ –DICE ( DANTE, Internet2, CANARIE, ESnet) collaboration http://www.geant2.net/server/show/nav.1227 http://www.geant2.net/server/show/nav.1227